Childhood Risk Factors and Young Adult Competence

童年危险因素和年轻人的能力

• 批准号: 9108385
• 负责人: Jennifer E Lansford
• 金额: $ 95.19万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-30 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9108385
• 关键词: 16 year old; 8 year old; Accidents; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adolescent Development; Adolescent Risk Behavior; African; Age; Alcohol consumption; Attitude; Automobiles; Behavior; Behavioral Research; Belief; Biological; Biological Models; Biological Process; Child; Child Rearing; China; Chronic Disease; Colombia; Country; Development; Disease; Drug usage; European; Family; Fathers; Funding; Growth; Health; Hispanic Americans; Individual; Individual Differences; Informal Social Control; Intervention; Interview; Italy; Jordan; Kenya; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Mediating; Morbidity - disease rate; Mothers; Nature; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Phase; Philippines; Prevention; Process; Prospective Studies; Psychological Models; Puberty; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Personnel; Rewards; Risk Behaviors; Risk-Taking; Role; Rome; Sampling; Shapes; Socialization; Societies; Specificity; Sweden; Testing; Thailand; United States; Variant; Violence; adolescent health; age group; behavior influence; boys; brain research; computerized; critical period; cultural values; design; girls; information processing; mortality; prevent; psychologic; reward processing; sexual risk taking; social; substance use prevention; theories; therapy design

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This competing continuation aims to understand how risk-taking develops across adolescence as a function of biological maturation (puberty and age) and socialization (parenting and culture). We have started the largest known prospective study of these processes by recruiting a sample of 1,417 8-year-olds and their mothers and fathers from 13 cultures (Jinan and Shanghai, China; Colombia; Naples and Rome, Italy; Jordan; Kenya; Philippines; Sweden; Thailand; and African, European, and Hispanic Americans in the United States). We have assessed families annually through interviews with mothers, fathers, and children about the parent-child relationship; the child's adjustment; attitudes and beliefs; and cultural values and are currently assessing self- regulation among the children, who are now age 10. During the next period, we will conduct interviews annually with mothers, fathers, and adolescents to assess their relationships and adolescents' risk-taking. We will also assess adolescents' reward-seeking, self-regulation, social information processing, and risk-taking via a computerized battery administered at ages 12, 14, and 16. Our first aim is to test hypotheses regarding the roles of biological maturation and socialization in the development of risk-taking. To the extent that changes in risk-taking during adolescence are biologically driven, one would expect to find comparable developmental trajectories of risk-taking across all cultures. In contrast, to the extent that changes are shaped by parenting and culture, we would expect to find variations in the development of risk-taking that are linked to specific features of parent-child relationships and cultural contexts. Our second aim is to understand psychological mechanisms through which biological maturation, parenting, and culture alter the development of risk-taking. We will test hypotheses that adolescents' reward-seeking, self-regulation, and acquired social information processing patterns mediate the impact of puberty, parenting, and culture on adolescents' risk-taking. Our third aim is to test the hypothesis that formativeness of parenting behaviors and culturally shaped opportunity for risk-taking moderate the relation between parenting and adolescents' risk-taking. We hypothesize that individual differences in adolescent behavior will be predicted by differences in parenting, but also that addictiveness of parenting depends on its cultural formativeness. In addition, we hypothesize that the relation between parenting and any particular form of adolescent risk-taking will be weaker in cultural contexts in which there are few opportunities to engage in that form of risk-taking. This study wil utilize the most culturally diverse and largest sample of young people and their parents ever assembled as an unprecedented opportunity to understand biological, parenting, and cultural processes in the development of adolescent risk-taking. It will inform theories of the nature of adolescent development and will shape interventions to prevent health-compromising and illegal risky behaviors.

描述(由申请者提供)：这一竞争延续的目的是了解冒险是如何在青春期作为生物成熟(青春期和年龄)和社会化(育儿和文化)的功能发展的。我们从13个国家(济南和上海，中国；哥伦比亚，那不勒斯和意大利罗马；约旦；肯尼亚；菲律宾；瑞典；泰国；以及在美国的非洲裔、欧洲裔和西班牙裔美国人)招募了1,417名8岁儿童及其父母，开始了对这些过程的最大规模的前瞻性研究。我们每年通过采访父母和孩子来评估家庭的亲子关系、孩子的适应情况、态度和信仰以及文化价值观，目前正在评估10岁儿童的自我调节能力。在下一阶段，我们将每年采访母亲、父亲和青少年，以评估他们的关系和青少年的冒险行为。我们还将评估青少年在12岁、14岁和16岁时的奖赏追求、自我调节、社会信息处理和冒险行为。我们的第一个目标是检验有关生物成熟和社会化在冒险行为发展中的作用的假设。在一定程度上，青春期冒险行为的变化是由生物驱动的，人们预计会在所有文化中找到类似的冒险发展轨迹。相比之下，如果变化是由父母教养和文化决定的，我们预计会在冒险行为的发展中发现与特定特征有关的变化 亲子关系和文化背景。我们的第二个目标是了解生理成熟、养育方式和文化改变冒险行为发展的心理机制。我们将检验以下假设，即青少年的奖赏追求、自我调节和获得性社会信息处理模式在青春期、父母教养方式和文化对青少年冒险行为的影响中起中介作用。我们的第三个目标是检验这一假设，即父母养育行为的形成性和文化形成的冒险机会在父母养育和青少年冒险之间的关系中起到了调节作用。我们假设，青少年行为的个体差异将通过父母养育方式的差异来预测，但父母养育方式的成瘾性也取决于其文化形成性。此外，我们假设，在几乎没有机会参与这种形式的冒险的文化背景下，养育子女和任何特定形式的青少年冒险之间的关系将会较弱。这项研究将利用有史以来最具文化多样性和最大规模的年轻人及其父母样本，作为一个前所未有的机会，了解青少年冒险行为发展中的生物学、育儿和文化过程。它将为青少年发展的本质提供理论依据，并将形成干预措施，以防止危害健康和非法的危险行为。