Central control of blood pressure: neurotransmitters, receptors, signal transduction and gene expression

血压的中枢控制：神经递质、受体、信号转导和基因表达

• 批准号: nhmrc : 211023
• 负责人: A/Pr Ann Goodchild
• 金额: $ 62.77万
• 依托单位国家: 澳大利亚
• 项目类别: NHMRC Project Grants
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 澳大利亚
• 起止时间: 2002-01-01 至 2006-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://researchdata.edu.au/central-control-blood-gene-expression/82740
• 关键词: Central; control; blood; pressure; neurotransmitters

The way that the brain controls blood pressure is of crucial significance to our day-to-day survival. Nerves in the lower brain and spinal cord cause blood pressure to be maintained at appropriate levels for all types of daily activities ranging from sleep, when blood pressure is very low, to exercise when blood pressure can be very high. In hypertension, a disorder that afflicts around 10% of the community, blood pressure is elevated to an extent that damages organs such as the brain, heart, kidney and eye. It now appears that most cases of hypertension have as their basis a disorder of the way that the brain, through the sympathetic nervous system, controls the heart and blood vessels. Many different brain systems need to change the way that blood is distributed in the body at different times. For example, when we eat, blood goes preferentially to our gut; if we exercise, to our heart and muscles; if we are cold, to our skin and when we think, to our brain. This specialised regulation of blood flow is accomplished by the interaction of nerves in the lower brain and spinal cord. It involves a vast array of special chemical messengers acting on specific receptors through different intracellular mechanisms and involving the turning on or off of genes. Only a few of these neurotransmitter systems are well understood. At the core of our proposal, we aim to determine which neurotransmitters systems are important for which cardiovascular functions. We anticipate that this new information will permit the development of new approaches to the management of hypertension. The reason for this is that since different pathways use different messenger systems, it should become possible to tailor therapy to suit hypertension without causing undesirable side-effects.

大脑控制血压的方式对我们的日常生存至关重要。下大脑和脊髓中的神经使血压保持在适当的水平，以进行所有类型的日常活动，从血压非常低时的睡眠到血压非常高时的运动。在高血压中，一种困扰大约10%社区的疾病，血压升高到损害大脑，心脏，肾脏和眼睛等器官的程度。现在看来，大多数高血压病例的基础是大脑通过交感神经系统控制心脏和血管的方式紊乱。许多不同的大脑系统需要在不同的时间改变血液在体内的分布方式。例如，当我们吃饭时，血液优先流向我们的肠道;如果我们锻炼，血液流向我们的心脏和肌肉;如果我们冷，血液流向我们的皮肤;当我们思考时，血液流向我们的大脑。这种专门的血流调节是通过下大脑和脊髓中神经的相互作用来完成的。它涉及大量特殊的化学信使，通过不同的细胞内机制作用于特定的受体，并涉及基因的开启或关闭。这些神经递质系统中只有少数被很好地理解。在我们的建议的核心，我们的目标是确定哪些神经递质系统是重要的心血管功能。我们预计，这一新的信息将允许开发新的方法来管理高血压。其原因是，由于不同的途径使用不同的信使系统，因此应该有可能定制治疗以适应高血压而不会引起不良副作用。