Chiral nanoparticles: preparation and studies of their optical properties and self-assembly into functional nanocomposite materials

手性纳米粒子：其光学性质的制备和研究以及自组装成功能纳米复合材料

• 批准号: 311742-2006
• 负责人: Kitaev, Vladimir
• 金额: $ 2.19万
• 依托单位: Wilfrid Laurier University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=361663
• 关键词: Chiral; nanoparticles; preparation; studies; their

Chirality is an inherent property of all objects, be they macroscopic, such as right and left hands, or microscopic, like molecules. Chirality is very important in chemistry since most natural molecules are chiral. Yet, chirality still remains largely underexplored at the nanoscale, and especially for nanoparticles. Understanding and controlling nanoparticle chirality is of fundamental importance and will immediately impact applications of chiral materials in catalysis and biosensors. The aspiration of the proposed research is to discover and study efficient routes of preparation of chiral nanoparticles. Attaining control over nanoparticle chirality and combining it with control over size, polydispersity and surface functionalities of nanoparticles will enable their applications as chiral building blocks for nanocomposite materials with tunable functional properties. Recently, gold nanoparticles featuring prominent chirality and colloidal stability have been produced in my laboratory. At the current stage of our research, the mechanisms of chiral nanoparticle formation are to be investigated in detail. Most nanoparticles display size-dependent optical properties ("quantum size" effect), so the combination of Raman and UV-Vis microspectroscopy will be used for sensitive in-situ monitoring of nanoparticle formation. We will also explore self-assembly of chiral nanoparticles and their incorporation into suitable matrices to produce novel composite materials with controlled chirality and nanoscale architecture. Such materials are promising in advanced optical applications, e.g. metamaterials.  Materials with controlled chirality, surface functionality and selective optical responses are a natural choice for biosensors. They can be tailored to detect a very small number of target molecules, since nanoparticle properties are much more sensitive to surface changes compared to bulk materials. Chiral nanoparticles are advantageous for enantioselective catalysis, where the current thrust is to efficiently synthesize molecules similar to natural compounds. Accordingly, our research will be directed to produce nanocomposite materials for catalysts and sensors.

手性是所有物体的固有属性，无论是宏观的，如右手和左手，还是微观的，如分子。手性在化学中非常重要，因为大多数天然分子都是手性的。然而，手性在纳米尺度上仍然很大程度上未被探索，特别是对于纳米颗粒。理解和控制纳米粒子的手性是至关重要的，将直接影响手性材料在催化和生物传感器中的应用。本研究的目的是探索和研究制备手性纳米粒子的有效途径。实现对纳米颗粒手性的控制，并将其与对纳米颗粒的尺寸、多分散性和表面功能的控制相结合，将使其能够作为具有可调功能特性的纳米复合材料的手性构建块而应用。最近，我的实验室制备了具有突出手性和胶体稳定性的金纳米粒子。在我们的研究的当前阶段，手性纳米粒子的形成机制进行了详细的调查。大多数纳米颗粒显示尺寸依赖的光学性质（“量子尺寸”效应），因此拉曼和紫外-可见光谱的组合将用于纳米颗粒形成的灵敏的原位监测。我们还将探索手性纳米粒子的自组装及其与合适基质的结合，以产生具有可控手性和纳米级结构的新型复合材料。具有可控手性、表面功能性和选择性光学响应的材料是生物传感器的理想选择。它们可以被定制为检测非常少量的目标分子，因为与块状材料相比，纳米颗粒的性质对表面变化更敏感。手性纳米粒子有利于对映选择性催化，目前的重点是有效地合成类似于天然化合物的分子。因此，我们的研究将致力于生产用于催化剂和传感器的纳米复合材料。