An integrated aproach to transform animal and fishery processing discards into biofuels

将动物和渔业加工废弃物转化为生物燃料的综合方法

• 批准号: 350707-2007
• 负责人: Simpson, Benjamin
• 金额: $ 9.95万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects - Group
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=363018
• 关键词: integrated; aproach; transform; animal; fishery

Livestock and fish processing in Canada generate large quantities of waste biomass, much of which is unfit forhuman consumption, and is discarded into the environment. Furthermore, the global outbreak of bovinespongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has caused Canada, and other countries, to ban the use of some animalbyproducts in animal feeds, and to stop the flow of cattle specified risk material (SRM) into the human foodchain. These developments in the Canadian agri-food sector now require transformation of ever-increasingamounts of waste biomass, if the environment is to be protected. A not fully explored outlet for slaughterhouseand fishery waste is the production of biodiesel (BD). Current interest in BD production and usage derivesfrom declining reserves and high price of fossil fuels, and the societal need to reduce green house gas (GHG)emission. Biodiesel is conventionally produced by chemical transesterification of oils and fats but this processresults in low yields of BD, and the co-production of caustic waste which requires costly methods for safedisposal. Enzymatic transesterification of fats and oils is a safe and efficient means of BD production, and thisprocess would overcome the drawbacks of chemical transesterification. The proposed project aims to develop,and optimize, the process of enzymatic transesterification of fats and oils from animal discards in order toproduce BD in high yields. Glycerol, a co-product of the transesterification process, will be converted tomethanol, which would then be recycled as a reactant to sustain the production of BD. The benefits of theproject include: 1) development of new knowledge and technologies for the emerging Canadian biorefineryindustry; 2) employment opportunities to strengthen Canada's industrial base in the global biobased economy;3) alleviation of the environmental problems associated with the disposal of slaughter house and fishery wastefrom the Canadian agri-food industries; 4) reduction in Canada's reliance on fossil fuel and improvements inthe country's energy security; and 5) training of highly qualified personnel in the high technology fields ofbio-engineering, and biomass transformation and re-utilization.

加拿大的牲畜和鱼类加工产生了大量的废弃生物质，其中大部分不适合人类消费，并被丢弃到环境中。此外，全球爆发的牛海绵状脑病（BSE）已导致加拿大和其他国家禁止在动物饲料中使用某些动物副产品，并阻止牛特定风险物质（SRM）流入人类食物链。如果要保护环境，加拿大农业食品部门的这些发展现在需要改造数量不断增加的废弃生物质。屠宰场和渔业废物的一个尚未充分探索的出路是生产生物柴油（BD）。目前对BD生产和使用的兴趣源于化石燃料储量的下降和高价格，以及减少绿色家用气体（GHG）排放的社会需求。生物柴油通常是通过油脂的化学酯交换来生产的，但这一过程导致BD的产量低，并同时产生腐蚀性废物，需要昂贵的安全处置方法。酶法油脂转酯化反应是一种安全、高效的油脂转酯化生产方法，克服了化学转酯化反应的缺点。该项目旨在开发和优化动物废弃物中脂肪和油脂的酶促酯交换工艺，以高产率生产BD。甘油，酯交换过程的副产物，将转化为甲醇，然后将其作为反应物回收以维持BD的生产。该项目的好处包括：1）为加拿大新兴的生物精炼工业开发新的知识和技术; 2）为加强加拿大在全球生物经济中的工业基础提供就业机会;3）减轻与加拿大农业食品工业的屠宰场和渔业废物处理有关的环境问题; 4）减少加拿大对化石燃料的依赖，提高加拿大的能源安全; 5）培养生物工程、生物质转化和再利用等高技术领域的高素质人才。