Specialty enzymes from cold adapted marine animals - bioprospecting, characterization and applications in model food systems

来自适应寒冷的海洋动物的特种酶 - 生物勘探、表征及其在模型食品系统中的应用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04858
• 负责人: Simpson, Benjamin
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=665250
• 关键词: Specialty; enzymes; cold; adapted; marine

This proposal is a continuation of my ongoing research program on the biochemistry of marine species, with focus on cold-adapted enzymes. Most enzymes are considered as “natural” and biodegradable whose uses are accompanied by “greener” outcomes and lower environmental impacts. Enzymatic reactions are selective, consistent, reproducible, fast, efficient, and practically devoid of undesirable by-products. Thus, enzymes have become vital tools for diagnostics, pharmaceuticals, research & development; and for markets such as food, feed, biofuels, detergents, pulp & paper. Demand for enzymes has grown steadily, with the global industrial enzymes market predicted to reach US $7 billion by 2018, and to continue to grow for the foreseeable future. Nonetheless, enzymatic reactions tend to be optimal within narrow ranges of chemical and physical conditions, while most industrial processes are conducted under extreme conditions that are harmful to enzyme integrity. Hence, the use of chemicals remains the most viable option under the harsh industrial settings. Thus, there is compelling need to find more environmentally responsible approaches to replace the potentially harmful chemical methods. The discovery of novel enzymes that can withstand industrial settings is crucial to the future of biocatalysis.****There is active research to discover novel enzymes that can remain efficient for industrial applications. My research program is focused on disclosing superior enzymes from marine animals that can function optimally at low temperatures and to exploit them in food and related applications. Some of our most recent studies include the discovery of a cold-active TGase enzymes from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and sea cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa) that facilitate cold-setting of hydrogels for food texturization and for making biodegradable films; cold-active chymotrypsins from 2 squid species (Loligo opalescens & Sepioteuthis lessoniana), and the cDNA of the L. opalescens enzyme using nested PCR; and a solvent-resistant lipase from grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) that we immobilized and used to produce biodiesel from animal discards. However, it is not practical to rely on the traditional fish harvest as sustainable sources of industrial enzymes; thus, it behooves scientists to employ emerging tools and technologies to produce the specialty enzymes in forms that can assure their steady supply. In the next phase of our research program, we will continue bioprospecting for distinct marine enzymes, identify their distinguishing features, produce them in higher yields using recombinant DNA technology, and make them in stable immobilized forms. This program will train HQP at various levels (postgraduate, graduate & undergraduate) and produce individuals equipped with requisite skills to become innovation leaders in the Canadian workforce, and sustain the future of biocatalysis.******

该提案是我正在进行的有关海洋生物化学的研究计划的延续，重点是冷适应的酶。大多数酶被认为是“天然”和可生物降解的，其用途是通过“更绿”的结果和较低的环境影响来实现的。酶促反应是选择性，一致，可重复的，快速，有效的，并且实际上没有不良的副产品。这是酶成为诊断，制药，研发的重要工具。对于食物，饲料，生物燃料等市场，确定，纸浆和纸张。对酶的需求稳步增长，到2018年，全球工业酶市场预计将达到70亿美元，并且在可预见的未来将继续增长。但是，在化学和物理条件的狭窄范围内，酶促反应往往是最佳的，而大多数工业过程是在对酶完整性有害的极端条件下进行的。因此，在HARMH工业环境下，使用化学品仍然是最可行的选择。这是有令人信服的需要寻找更多对环境负责的方法来替代潜在的有害化学方法。发现可以承受工业环境的新型酶对生物催化的未来至关重要。我的研究计划的重点是从海洋动物中披露可以在低温下最佳发挥作用并在食物和相关应用中探索它们的优质酶。我们最近的一些研究包括从南极磷虾（Euphausia Superba）和海参（Cucumaria Fronfosa）发现一种冷活动TGase酶，这些酶促进了水凝胶的冷凝胶以进行食物纹理，并用于制作可生物降解膜；使用嵌套的PCR，来自2种鱿鱼种类的冷活动辣椒蛋白（Loligo Opalescens＆Sepiotethis sufteriana）和Opalescens酶的cDNA；以及我们固定并用来从动物段落中生产生物柴油的灰mul虫（Mugil Cephalus）的溶剂耐脂肪酶。但是，依靠传统的鱼类收获作为工业酶的可持续来源是不切实际的。因此，科学家应该采用新兴工具和技术以可以确保其稳定供应的形式生产特种酶。在我们的研究计划的下一阶段中，我们将继续对不同的海洋酶进行生物培训，确定其独特的特征，使用重组DNA技术以较高的产量生产它们，并以稳定的固定形式使其产生。该计划将在各个层面（研究生，研究生和本科生）上培训HQP，并培养有必要技能的个人，以成为加拿大劳动力的创新领导者，并维持生物催化的未来。**************