On some problems in supply chain management and dynamic pricing

本研究的目的是探讨供应链管理中的下列议题：（一）附加价格相依报童模型。在以前的一个研究项目中，我们研究了乘法价格依赖报童模型。我们分析了，例如，退货策略的有效性和延迟策略的效果。我的目标之一是当需求模型是加法而不是乘法时进行类似的分析。可加性模型在文献中相当流行，并且当需求方差与需求水平无关时是合适的。(ii)分散装配系统。在以前的研究项目中，我们分析了分散组装（DA）系统。我们已经证明，在DA系统中存在两个低效率的来源：传统的和研究得很好的垂直双重边缘化，和水平双重边缘化（HDM），这基本上是没有研究过。我们已经澄清了HDM的驱动程序，并设计了协调计划，以消除it.One的目标，拟议的研究是扩展分析的情况下，零售价格是一个决定变量由组装。(iii)竞争下的动态定价。在以前的一个研究项目中，我们已经将竞争纳入了固定库存，动态价格设定。在我们的模型中，两个利润最大化的零售商竞争价格。消费者访问零售商是为了观察价格，如果价格低于他们的估价，他们就购买商品。否则，他们将在下一个时期访问其他零售商。我们已经证明，在竞争下，价格呈指数下降，系统的利润损失是相当可观的。拟议的研究的目标之一是追求的情况下，消费者是战略。

The objective of the proposed research is to investigate the following topics in supply chain management: (i) Additive price-dependent newsvendor model. In a previous research project, we have studied the multiplicative price-dependent newsvendor model. We have analyzed, e.g., the effectiveness of returns policies and the effect of postponement strategies in this model. One of my objectives is to carry out a similar analysis when the demand model is additive rather than multiplicative. The additive model is quite popular in the literature, and is appropriate when the variance of demand is independent of demand level. (ii) Decentralized assembly systems. In a previous research project we have analyzed decentralized assembly (DA) systems. We have demonstrated that there exist two sources of inefficiencies in a DA system: the traditional and well-studied vertical double marginalization, and the horizontal double marginalization (HDM), which essentially was not studied before. We have clarified the drivers of HDM, and have designed coordination schemes to eliminate it. One of the objectives of the proposed research is to extend the analysis to the case when the retail price is a decision variable determined by the assembler. (iii) Dynamic pricing under competition. In a previous research project we have incorporated competition in a fixed inventory, dynamic price setting. In our model, two profit-maximizing retailers compete over prices. Consumers visit the retailers in order to observe prices, and purchase the good if the price is below their valuations. Otherwise, they visit the other retailer in the next period. We have demonstrated that under competition, prices decrease exponentially and the profit loss of the system is quite substantial. One of the objectives of the proposed research is to pursue the case when the consumers are strategic.