Auditory pattern perception in infants and young children

婴幼儿的听觉模式感知

• 批准号: 9956-2008
• 负责人: Trehub, Sandra
• 金额: $ 4.73万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2008-01-01 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=390038
• 关键词: Auditory; pattern; perception; infants; young

Previous NSERC funding has enabled me to document the precocious music perception skills of infants. Infants notice most of the subtleties of music that adults notice. However, they sometimes surprise us by noticing subtleties in pitch and rhythm that adults fail to notice. The overall goal of the proposed research is to explore perceptual and learning biases in early life and their consequences for music and speech perception and memory. In the next grant period, I plan to examine four principal questions. The first is the relative ease with which listeners of different ages overcome inherent or acquired perceptual biases. Biases against dissonant music have prevented 20th and 21st century atonal compositions from achieving widespread popularity. Surprisingly, infants exhibit comparable biases. We plan to test 6-month-olds, 12-month-olds and adults on their detection of subtle pitch changes in the context of atonal (dissonant) music. We will also determine whether exposure to atonal music can improve 12-month-olds' and adults' perception of its pitch patterning. The second question involves memory for sound patterns. Music and speech are so engaging for young listeners that their memory for specific musical pieces and voices is often enduring. In one experiment, I plan to examine infants' memory for music and voices from videos that they watched at home. The third question concerns children who were born deaf but learned to "hear" through auditory prostheses known as cochlear implants. I plan to assess their ability to match voices and music from their favorite television programs with images from those programs. The fourth question concerns childhood bilingualism. There are many advantages to bilingualism, cognitive as well as social. I will examine whether there are minor perceptual costs to bilingualism in the early years. Specifically, I will compare bilingual children's ability to decipher degraded speech (i.e., speech with many pitch cues removed) to that of monolingual children. The proposed program of research is expected to increase our understanding of the course of auditory development in typical and atypical populations of infants and children.

NSERC之前的资助使我能够记录婴儿早熟的音乐感知技能。婴儿注意到了成年人注意到的音乐的大部分微妙之处。然而，他们有时会注意到成年人没有注意到的音调和节奏上的微妙之处，这让我们感到惊讶。这项拟议的研究的总体目标是探索早期生活中的知觉和学习偏见及其对音乐和语言感知和记忆的影响。在下一个授权期，我计划研究四个主要问题。首先是不同年龄段的听众克服固有或后天知觉偏见的相对容易程度。对不和谐音乐的偏见阻碍了20世纪和21世纪无调性音乐的广泛流行。令人惊讶的是，婴儿表现出类似的偏见。我们计划测试6个月大的婴儿、12个月大的婴儿和成年人在无调(不和谐)音乐的背景下对音高细微变化的感知能力。我们还将确定无调性音乐是否可以改善12个月大的儿童和成年人对其音高模式的感知。第二个问题涉及对声音模式的记忆。音乐和演讲对年轻听众来说是如此吸引人，以至于他们对特定音乐片段和声音的记忆往往是持久的。在一项实验中，我计划测试婴儿对音乐和他们在家观看的视频中的声音的记忆。第三个问题涉及那些天生耳聋，但通过被称为人工耳蜗术的听觉假体学会“听”的儿童。我计划评估他们将自己最喜欢的电视节目中的声音和音乐与这些节目中的图像进行匹配的能力。第四个问题与儿童双语能力有关。双语有很多好处，无论是认知上的还是社交上的。我将研究双语在早期是否会有轻微的感知成本。具体地说，我将比较双语儿童和单语儿童破译退化语音(即去除许多音调线索的语音)的能力。拟议的研究计划有望增加我们对典型和非典型婴儿和儿童群体中听觉发育过程的理解。