Integration of energy storage in distribution secondary networks to enable high-depth of penetration of distribution generation

气候变化问题，与中央发电厂相关的环境问题，能源成本的波动，电力公用事业行业的放松管制，资源多样性的需求，以及有利的政府能源政策，导致了各种类型的替代能源和可再生能源的出现和商业可行性，以分布式发电（DG）单元的形式整合到公用事业电网基础设施中。分布式发电机组是一种相对较小的机组，例如住宅屋顶太阳能光伏（PV）机组。未来全球在可持续能源和能效技术方面的相当一部分投资，特别是在发达国家，与这种DG单元在现有电力输送基础设施中高度集成的潜力直接相关并受到其影响。这项研究是为了促进DG机组在公用电网中的高深度渗透。DG机组集成的一种选择是在配电二次网络中。二级配电网在大城市（如多伦多市）的中心（市中心）地区提供公用事业配电系统和电力终端用户之间的电力连接。二级配电网，按照设计，只允许单向的电力从一级电网流向二级电网。这一技术特征极大地限制了可集成在由二级电网供电的住宅单元中的DG单元的数量。因此限制了DG单元（如住宅太阳能光伏单元）的整合和利用水平。这项研究的主要目的是克服这一技术限制，使二次网络能够容纳DG单元的高深度集成。为了实现这一目标，我们将研究新技术在公用事业级存储系统中的应用以及配电系统的先进控制策略。

Climate change issues, environmental concerns associated with the central power plants, volatility of energy cost, deregulation of the electric utility industry, the need for resource diversity, and favorable governments' energy policies have resulted in emergence and commercial viability of various types of alternative and renewable energy resources for integration in the utility power grid infrastructure in the form of distributed generation (DG) units. A DG unit is a relatively small-size unit, such as a residential roof-top solar photovoltaic (PV) unit. A considerable portion of future global investment in sustainable energy and energy efficiency technologies, specifically in developed countries, are directly linked to and impacted by the potential for high-depth of integration of such DG units in the exisiting electric power delivery infrastructure. This research is to facilitate high-depth of penetration of DG units in utility grids. One of the options for integration of DG units is in the distribution secondary networks. A secondary distribution network provides electrical connection between the utility distribution system and the electric power end users in the central (downtown) areas of large cities, such as the city of Toronto. A secondary distribution network, by design, permits only unidirectional electric power flow from the primary utility grid to the secondary network. This technical characteristic significantly limits the number of DG units that can be integrated in residential units that are supplied by the secondary network. Thus limits the level of integration and utilization of DG units, such as residential solar-PV units. This main objective of this research is to overcome this technical limitation and enable the secondary network to accommodate high-depth of integration of DG units. To achieve the objective, we will investigate utilization of new technologies in utility grade storage systems and advanced control strategies for power distribution systems.