Wide-Band Amplifier for Hardware-based Control/Protection Interface to a Real-Time Simulator Platform

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The electric power grid is experiencing major transformation due to (i) ever increasing level of utilization of distributed generation, storage and controllable loads, (ii) high-depth of penetration of renewables, e.g. wind power, (iii) economical/technical viability of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for monitoring, diagnostics, control, and protection, (iv) widespread utilization of automated metering infrastructure and smart sensors, (v) the increasing need to respond to market signals, (vi) the demand for resiliency and high reliability/availability of supply, and (vii) the evolving regulatory and policy requirements. Advanced control, protection, and energy management strategies, for example distributed and hierarchal control, adaptive protection, and cognitive power management strategies, based on pervasive use of ICTs, constitute the kernel to address the existing and the emerging challenges of the power system.