Glia-neuron interactions: roles in axonal pathfinding and synaptic physiology in an invertebrate model

胶质细胞-神经元相互作用：无脊椎动物模型中轴突寻路和突触生理学的作用

• 批准号: 155078-2008
• 负责人: Syed, Naweed
• 金额: $ 1.97万
• 依托单位: University of Calgary
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2009-01-01 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=422452
• 关键词: Glia; neuron; interactions; roles; axonal

All nervous system functions in animal are controlled by networks of brain cells which communicate through specialized structures termed 'synapses'. Perturbation of synaptic transmission between neurons is the basis for all brain dysfunctions. Traditionally, it was presumed that the synaptic transmission occurred between a presynaptic neuron and its postsynaptic target involving a bipartite synapse. However, recent studies have indicated that the glial cells - which were previously thought to provide physical support to neurons only - play many important functional roles in the nervous system. For instance, in their absence not only do neurons fail to reach out to their exact targets but also that their synaptic transmission fails. The precise involvement of glia in these processes and the underlying mechanisms remain however largely unknown. Using a model system approach, this study will provide the direct evidence vis-à-vis the involvement of glial in nerve guidance towards its targets and also their precise role in synaptic physiology. We believe that these studies will provide direct insights into the mechanisms by which glia affect nervous system development and function under both normal various and pathological conditions.

动物的所有神经系统功能均由脑细胞网络控制，脑细胞网络通过称为“突触”的特殊结构进行通信。 神经元之间突触传递的扰动是所有大脑功能障碍的基础。 传统上，人们认为突触传递发生在突触前神经元与其涉及二分突触的突触后目标之间。 然而，最近的研究表明，神经胶质细胞——以前被认为只为神经元提供物理支持——在神经系统中发挥着许多重要的功能作用。 例如，在它们缺失的情况下，神经元不仅无法到达它们的确切目标，而且它们的突触传递也会失败。 然而，神经胶质细胞在这些过程中的精确参与和潜在机制仍然很大程度上未知。 使用模型系统方法，这项研究将提供有关神经胶质参与神经引导其目标及其在突触生理学中的精确作用的直接证据。 我们相信这些研究将为神经胶质细胞在正常和病理条件下影响神经系统发育和功能的机制提供直接的见解。