Temperature control upgrade for atomic force microscope to image biological membrane

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Almost every function of a living system involves a coordinated and regulated exchange of matter or signals between compartments separated by membranes. Plasma membrane itself is composed of small dynamic compartments - rafts. These rafts are central to the communication of cells with their environs and are highly sensitive to the changes in temperature. Steroids, such as cholesterol and cortisol play an important role in the sensing and regulation mechanisms, which is linked to membrane melting transitions. Dr. Leonenko's and Dr. Vijayan's research collaboration focuses on studying phase transitions in model lipid membrane and fish plasma membrane, and has a goal to elucidate the effect of cortisol and cholesterol on these regulation mechanisms associated with lipid melting. This requires using advanced microscopy methods, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) with precise temperature control. AFM is available in Dr. Leonenko's laboratory, but this instrument currently can operate at room temperature only, and does not allow precise time dependent temperature changes during the imaging. It is critical to add temperature control upgrade to allow for the investigation of melting transitions in model and fish plasma membranes. This will allow us to elucidate the role of different compounds, including xenobiotics, drugs and hormones in the temperature-dependent changes in structure and function of model and animal plasma membrane. Without this equipment we are at a disadvantage as our capabilities are limited to just studying model membranes at room temperature and will no be in a position to study phase transitions. This is especially critical for animal membranes in order to understand the intricacies of membrane structure and function. In order to continue our research and student training in this interdisciplinary research area, the purchase of temperature controller and matching accessories to upgrade the AFM instrument is essential. This equipment is not available at Waterloo and will advance our interdisciplinary research capability, fostering collaborations, and making Waterloo leaders in the area of membrane biophysics and membrane biology.