Théorie et simulations par ordinateur des matériaux quantiques et de la supraconductivité/ Theory and computer simulations of quantum materials and superconductivity

Théorie et models par ordordur des matériaux quantiques et de la superconductivité/ 量子材料和超导性的理论和计算机模拟

• 批准号: 3901-2009
• 负责人: Tremblay, AndréMarie
• 金额: $ 4.95万
• 依托单位: Université de Sherbrooke
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2010-01-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=449595
• 关键词: Th; orie; et; simulations; par

Much of modern technology owes to our deep understanding of electronic properties of materials. That understanding is rooted in intertwined empirical, experimental and theoretical knowledge. I work on the theoretical aspects of electronic properties of materials, in other word I design and solve mathematical models and perform large scale computer simulations to understand new materials that escape conventional understanding. In materials such as high temperature superconductors, contrary to the usual case, the electrons interact so strongly with each other that they would in fact prefer not to carry electricity; they should be in an insulating state. It is by changing slightly the number of electrons by chemical means that one is lead to a new type of superconductivity that occurs at much higher temperature than usual. In the last few years several breakthroughs have occurred, in terms of new materials, new theoretical understanding and new spectacular experiments. We contributed to some of the theoretical breakthroughs. We believe that we are in a position to answer questions such as: What are the appropriate mathematical tools to predict the behavior of electronic systems that show both localized (magnetic) and propagating (superconducting) character? Can we use these tools to show that there are new elementary excitations, or concepts (pseudogap) that could summarize and explain in a simple way the anomalous properties of these systems (i.e. find concepts that will do what the concept of "holes" did for the semiconductor industry)? Can we also use these concepts in related classes of materials? What is the origin of high temperature superconductivity? Answering such questions should help people in my field to develop materials that may have other striking and technologically useful magnetic or electrical properties and also exhibit new phases of matter. Answering such questions will also help in the quest for materials that could exhibit superconductivity at room temperature. Since superconductivity manifests quantum properties on a macroscopic scale, one can foresee in the long run the birth of revolutionary technologies, such as the quantum computer, and corresponding new industries.

现代技术的发展很大程度上归功于我们对材料电子特性的深刻理解。 这种理解植根于相互交织的经验、实验和理论知识。我从事材料电子特性的理论方面的工作，换句话说，我设计和解决数学模型，并进行大规模计算机模拟，以了解逃避传统理解的新材料。在高温超导体这样的材料中，与通常情况相反，电子彼此之间的相互作用如此强烈，以至于它们实际上不喜欢携带电力;它们应该处于绝缘状态。 通过化学方法稍微改变电子的数量，人们就可以得到一种新型的超导性，这种超导性发生在比通常高得多的温度下。在过去的几年里，在新材料、新的理论理解和新的壮观实验方面取得了一些突破。我们为一些理论突破做出了贡献。我们相信，我们能够回答这样的问题：什么是适当的数学工具来预测电子系统的行为，显示本地化（磁性）和传播（超导）的字符？我们是否可以使用这些工具来证明有新的基本激发，或者概念（赝能隙）可以以简单的方式总结和解释这些系统的异常性质（即找到概念，将做什么概念的“洞”为半导体工业）？我们也可以在相关的材料类别中使用这些概念吗？ 高温超导的起源是什么？研究这些问题应该有助于我所在领域的人们开发出可能具有其他引人注目的、技术上有用的磁或电特性的材料，并展示出新的物质相。解决这些问题也将有助于寻找在室温下表现出超导性的材料。由于超导性在宏观尺度上表现出量子特性，从长远来看，人们可以预见革命性技术的诞生，如量子计算机和相应的新产业。