Aspects geometric and random frustration in magnetic

当一个系统不能通过最小化相互独立的每对相互作用的自由度的能量来最小化其总能量时，凝聚态物理学中的挫折就会出现。在凝聚态物理中，均匀受挫系统和随机受挫系统都是普遍存在的。例子从磁性和超导系统，到生物膜和蛋白质。几何挫折纯粹是由所考虑的系统施加的几何约束引起的。随机挫折感是由冻结的(熄灭的)随机无序造成的，这种无序总是存在于任何真实的材料中，并产生随机竞争或“随机令人沮丧”的相互作用。由于几何和随机挫折是如此普遍，在理论基础上理解它们在真实材料中的影响是很重要的。这也是本研究方案的重点。例如，这项研究计划要解决的问题包括：

Frustration in condensed matter physics arises when a system cannot minimize its total energy by minimizing the energy of each pair of interacting degrees of freedom independently from each other. Both uniformly and random frustrated systems are ubiquitous in condensed matter physics. Examples range from magnetic and superconducting system, to biological membranes and proteins. Geometric frustration arises purely from geometrical constraints imposed by the system considered. Random frustration results from the frozen-in (quenched) random disorder that is always present in any real material, and which create randomly competing or "randomly frustrating" interactions. Because geometric and random frustration is so common, it is important to understand on a theoretical footing their effects in real materials. This is the focus of this research proposal. For example, problems to be tackled in this research program include: