Cold controlled chemistry

最近在低温冷却和分子集合捕获方面的技术突破创造了一个全新的超冷物理领域。在前所未有的低温下，超冷材料提供了任何其他方法都无法达到的物质新状态，并为研究自然科学中广泛的基本问题提供了新的可能性。该提案旨在通过建立一个研究超冷化学的研究项目来利用低温物理学的这些最新发展。该研究将探索新方法来创建和热隔离在接近绝对零度的温度下分子(1毫微开尔文- 1 k)和超冷分子在电场和磁场的交互属性陷阱。发展理论和计算方法的研究中,第一次,各种新奇的现象,比如电磁场的影响有着不成对的电子的原子和分子的化学反应,可调好交互作用的化学反应在低温下吸附和化学反应伴随发射或激光场的光子。我们将探索外空间对称对受光学激光力限制在低维的分子的化学相互作用的影响，以及由激光场排列成有序结构称为光学晶格的超冷分子的相互作用性质。我们建议设计一种具有集体旋转激发和激光场光子耦合的分子光学晶格，这种系统将为二体和多体量子系统的动力学提供新的基本见解，并可能在纳米级量子光学器件的研究中找到应用。这项工作将开辟冷控化学的一个新的研究领域，并促进物理化学、原子、分子和光学物理以及量子光学等新实验的发展。用电磁场控制化学反应一直是研究人员追求的目标。由于亚开尔文温度下分子实验工作的迅速进展，冷控化学研究领域的发展条件已经成熟。

Recent technological breakthroughs in cryogenic cooling and trapping of molecular ensembles have created an entirely new field of ultracold physics. At unprecedentedly low temperatures, ultracold materials offer access to new states of matter, unachievable by any other means, and new possibilities to study a wide range of fundamental problems in natural sciences. This proposal aims to capitalize on these recent developments in low-temperature physics by establishing a research program to study ultracold chemistry. The proposed research will explore novel methods to create and thermally isolate molecules at temperatures near absolute zero (1 nanoKelvin - 1 Kelvin) and interaction properties of ultracold molecules in electric and magnetic field traps. We will develop theoretical and computational methods to study, for the first time, a wide range of novel phenomena such as the effects of electromagnetic fields on chemical reactivity of atoms and molecules with unpaired electrons, the role of tunable fine interactions in chemical reactions at low temperatures and chemical reactions accompanied by emission or adsorption of laser field photons. We will explore the effects of external space symmetry on chemical interactions of molecules confined in low dimensions by optical laser forces and the interaction properties of ultracold molecules arranged by laser fields in an ordered structure called optical lattice. We propose to design an optical lattice of molecules with collective rotational excitations coupled to laser field photons - a system that will provide new fundamental insights into dynamics of two- and many-body quantum systems and that may find applications in the study of nanoscale quantum optical devices. This work will open up a new research field of cold controlled chemistry and stimulate the development of novel experiments in physical chemistry, atomic, molecular and optical physics and quantum optics. Controlling chemical reactions with electromagnetic fields has long been a sought-after goal of researchers. Due to the rapid progress of the experimental work with molecules at subKelvin temperatures, the conditions are now ripe for the development of the research field of cold controlled chemistry.