Development of non destructive testing methods for bulk samples using atomic and nuclear physics techniques

利用原子和核物理技术开发大块样品的无损检测方法

• 批准号: 121876-2010
• 负责人: Chettle, David
• 金额: $ 3.79万
• 依托单位: McMaster University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=475623
• 关键词: Development; non; destructive; testing; methods

We develop new ways of measuring the amount of an element present in a bulk sample. Where the bulk sample can be a piece of art, an item of luggage or, most often in our case, a living human person. We adapt and use methods derived from atomic physics and nuclear physics and apply them to the special situation of measuring the elemental content of part of the human body. For example, we have developed an x-ray fluorescence method to measure the amount of lead stored in a person's bone. This enables us to find out about that person's exposure to lead over a long period of time. Alternatively, we are refining the development of a neutron activation method to measure aluminum stored in the bones of a person's hand. This will provide an analytical tool that can be used to study the long term health effects of exposure to aluminum, whether through the environment or via the place of work. On the other hand, we are also refining our method of measuring strontium in bone. In some circumstances, a strontium supplement has been shown to confer added strength on bones. Our x-ray fluorescence technique remains the only way of measuring normal and even low levels of bone strontium, without having to take a sample out of the bone. Although most of our research and development concerns elements which are present in only trace quantities in the human body, we are also working on the measurement of nitrogen, which comprises 3 or 4 % of the mass of the body and itself indicates the mass of protein present. The development work described here, is applied physics. Many of the subsequent applications are in health and environmental sciences.

我们开发了一种新的方法来测量大量样品中存在的元素的数量。在这里，大样本可以是一件艺术品，一件行李，或者在我们的情况下，最常见的是一个活人。我们适应和使用了原子物理和核物理的方法，并将其应用于人体部分元素含量的测量的特殊情况。例如，我们开发了一种x射线荧光方法来测量一个人骨骼中储存的铅量。这使我们能够了解此人在很长一段时间内接触铅的情况。或者，我们正在改进中子活化法的开发，以测量储存在人手骨中的铝。这将提供一种分析工具，可用于研究铝暴露对健康的长期影响，无论是通过环境还是通过工作场所。另一方面，我们也在改进我们测量骨骼中锶的方法。在某些情况下，补充锶已被证明可以增强骨骼的力量。我们的x射线荧光技术仍然是测量正常甚至低水平骨锶的唯一方法，而不必从骨骼中提取样本。尽管我们的大部分研究和开发涉及的是人体中只存在于微量的元素，但我们也在研究氮的测量，氮占人体质量的3%或4%，它本身就表明了存在的蛋白质的质量。这里描述的开发工作是应用物理。随后的许多应用都是在健康和环境科学领域。