Design and net-shape manufacturing of hybrid composites for ballistic protection

在战场上有系统地采用个人盔甲降低了士兵的死亡率。然而，由于其重量和刚性，典型的保护系统仅覆盖躯干。因此，虽然胸部受伤的发生率已大大减少，但四肢、头部和颈部受伤的发生率仍然很高。该项目是研究更轻，更有效的个人装甲系统的一部分。将开发一种新型混杂复合材料，该材料由CrS-Cr金属陶瓷（陶瓷-金属）基体中的氧化铝和碳化硼夹杂物组成。这种轻质材料将使用数值模型和多尺度优化来设计，以抵抗弹道和爆炸波的威胁。特别是，机制，如弹丸尖端失败，能量耗散和应力波缓解将寻求在设计阶段。混合复合材料将使用自蔓延高温合成（SHS）工艺制造。硫粉与铬粉混合后，首先熔化并浇铸在石墨模具中。固化后，无气体燃烧波被启动，以将前体混合物转化为极硬且轻的金属陶瓷。高纯度的陶瓷夹杂物将被纳入金属陶瓷基体，以进一步提高防弹性能。SHS是非常通用的，并提供了多种优势，超过现有的技术：它是高度灵活的物品形状，成分和粘合到其他材料，它需要最少的原材料和能源投入，它产生的废物量最少。生产的材料将在准静态、弹道和爆炸载荷条件下进行测试，以验证数值模型并评估优化产品的性能。这种新颖的装甲系统有可能大大有利于加拿大

The systematic introduction of personal armors in theatres of war has decreased soldier mortality. However, due to their weight and rigidity, typical protection systems only cover the torso. As a result, while the occurrence of chest injuries has been significantly reduced, the rates of injuries to the limbs, head and neck are still high. This project is part of a research effort towards lighter and more effective individual armor systems. A novel hybrid composite material consisting of alumina and boron carbide inclusions in a CrS-Cr cermet (ceramic-metal) matrix will be developed. This lightweight material will be designed using numerical models and multiscale optimization to resist ballistic and blast wave threats. In particular, mechanisms such as projectile tip defeat, energy dissipation and stress wave mitigation will be sought at the design stage. The hybrid composite will be fabricated using a Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) process. Sulfur powder, mixed with chromium powder, is first melted and cast in a graphite mold. After solidification, a gasless combustion wave is initiated to convert the precursor mixture into an extremely hard and light cermet. High-purity ceramic inclusions will be incorporated in the cermet matrix to further enhance the ballistic properties. SHS is extremely versatile and offers multiple advantages over existing techniques: it is highly flexible in terms of the article shape, composition and bonding to other materials, it requires a minimum of raw materials and energy input, and it produces a minimum amount of waste. The materials produced will be tested in quasi-static, ballistic and blast-loading conditions in order to validate the numerical models and to assess the performance of the optimized product. This novel armor system has the potential to greatly benefit Canadian