Advanced real-time 3D imaging, planning and navigation of fracture surgery

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Tremendous advances have occurred in fracture management, due in part to new implants that internally fixate many fractures with minimally invasive techniques. For example, complex femoral fractures are now treated by sophisticated 'locking' nails that require only a few small incisions to insert, giving better outcomes. Despite these advances, articular fractures - which occur near joints - are still challenging even when using specialized locking plates, in part because of the difficulty in achieving anatomic reduction of the joint surface (articular surface fractures that heal with 2 mm or more of residual displacement are at high risk of causing arthritis). To better exploit these new fixation devices we need better minimally invasive surgical techniques, but there currently is no efficient intraoperative means of visualizing bone fragments in 3D. In particular, complex multi-fragment articular fractures are routinely reduced using surgical exposures that may increase