Regional planning or neighborhood design? curbing air pollution exposure of pedestrians and other road users in urban micro-environments

最近，研究已经建立了建筑环境，身体活动和肥胖之间的强关联。这导致人们普遍认识到，紧凑、混合用途的城市形式会降低对汽车的依赖，并促进替代交通模式。尽管对城市友好的环境有好处，但它们也可能带来风险：紧凑的混合用途城市形式促进了活跃的交通，但它可能会减少交通排放的分散，因为它会将污染物困在街道峡谷中，从而放大街道空气污染。拟议的研究计划通过探索实施设计指南和创新的区域政策来解决这一困境，这些政策可以改善街道空气质量，同时保持建筑密度，活动集中度和交通流量，这些都是对城市友好的建筑环境所需要的。具体而言，我们将实现四个主要目标：

Recently, research has established a strong association between the built environment, physical activity, and obesity. This has led to a general understanding that compact, mixed-use urban form results in lower automobile dependency and promotes alternative modes of transport. Despite the benefits of pedestrian-friendly environments, they could also pose risks: while compact, mixed-use urban form promotes active transportation, it may reduce the dispersion of traffic emissions by trapping pollutants in street canyons thus magnifying street-level air pollution. The proposed research program addresses this dilemma by exploring the implementation of design guidelines and innovative regional policies that improve street-level air quality while maintaining the building density, concentration of activities, and traffic flows that pedestrian-friendly built environments require. In particular, we will address four main objectives: