Novel materials and methods for protein and cell bioencapsulation

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Bioencapsulation involves packaging tissues, enzymes, and therapeutic biopharmaceuticals, into a polymeric matrix. The resulting structures can protect, then control release of a fragile drug such as insulin. As example, I am conducting research on oral delivery of insulin, where either released insulin or the nanoencapsulated form is absorbed from the intestinal tract. The benefits to Canadian diabetics are enormous in terms of patient compliance and comfort, but the scientific and engineering challenges are also considerable. In particular, the acidic, enzyme-rich stomach and intestinal track are major barriers to insulin delivery. The objective of my research in the natural sciences and engineering is to focus on insulin delivery using novel approaches in encapsulation methods and materials. The proposal is built around four objectives, interrelated through insulin delivery. The first objective is to achieve long term (weeks) sustained delivery of low insulin levels from microparticles, then ultimately from microparticles embedded within natural polymer foams or films. The long-term goal is to design dressings for burn injuries. The second objective is to encapsulate human islet cells with fabricated cell matrix protein scaffold, all within a polymeric particle. Canada is a leader in islet implantation therapies, and this initiative can contribute to the advancement of diabetes treatment. The third and fourth objectives are to chemically modify natural polymers providing novel biomaterials that do not exist in nature, and have not been previously synthesized. The intent is to use the new biomaterials for drug delivery applications, and in diagnostics and bioseparations. This research provides exciting opportunity for training of highly qualified personnel, since it is multi-disciplinary, spanning chemical/biochemical/biomedical engineering with emphasis on new advanced biopolymeric materials and structures, and nanotechnology, supported through appropriate experimental methods and instrumentation. Trained researchers will advance to careers in pharmaceuticals, biomedical devices, advanced materials, biotechnology, and academia - areas of strategic importance to Canada.