Smart sustainable autonomous power systems

未来的电力系统与今天的电力系统有很大的不同。可再生能源（RES）将在配电层面进行连接，避免输电损耗，并以更可持续的方式为当地负荷供电。固定储能系统和电动汽车（EV）将与可控负载沿着使用，以补偿可再生能源的波动特性，优化系统的效率并实现高电能质量和可靠性（PQR）。这属于智能电网的范畴。为了实现这一点，现在使用的机电断路器需要被电力电子转换器和相关联的控制系统取代，以提供用于控制该非常复杂的系统中的功率流的手段。此外，为了使系统可管理，它应该被分解为小集群或微网格，并按照分层结构以分散的方式进行控制。现代家庭和小型建筑物，如果辅以可再生能源和包括电动汽车在内的存储单元，有可能被控制为净零能源纳米电网。目前的家庭自动化系统不提供此功能，仅限于负载管理。将检查不同的内部配电系统配置（交流、直流、双直流和混合）和所需的多端口电源转换器，以提高可靠性。下一个（外）层，这对应于到交流微电网和连接到中压配电系统的纳米电网的协会，也将进行调查。在这种情况下，目标是开发电力电子接口（拓扑结构和控制系统），这将允许公用事业运营商利用辅助服务和控制与微电网交换的有功功率。有功功率平衡可以由专用能量存储单元在该ac-ac功率接口的第三端口处执行，或者由微电网运营商以类似的方式调度纳米电网的接口来执行。简而言之，该项目将侧重于开发可持续并网和自主微电网所需的电力电子接口和能源管理策略。

The electric power system of the future is envisioned to be quite different from today's. Renewable energy sources (RES) will be connected at the distribution level, avoiding transmission losses and feeding local loads in a more sustainable way. Stationary energy storage systems and electric vehicles (EVs) will be used, along with controllable loads, to compensate for the fluctuating characteristics of the renewable sources, optimize the system in terms of efficiency and achieve high power quality and reliability (PQR). This is within the scope of smart grids. For this to happen, the electro-mechanical breakers used nowadays need to be replaced by power electronic converters and associated control systems to provide means for controlling the power flow in this very complex system. Besides, to make the system manageable, it should be broken down into small clusters or micro-grids, and controlled in a de-centralized way following a hierarchical structure. Modern homes and small buildings, if supplemented with RESs and storage units including EVs, have potential to be controlled as net-zero energy nano-grids. The home automation systems in place today do not offer this feature, being limited to load management only. Different internal distribution system configurations (ac, dc, dual dc and hybrid) and required multi-port power converters will be examined for increased reliability. The next (outer) layer, which corresponds to the association of nano-grids into ac micro-grids and connection to the medium voltage distribution system, will also be investigated. In this case, the objective is to develop power electronics interfaces (topology and control system) that will allow the utility operator to exploit ancillary services and control the active power exchanged with the micro-grid. Active power balancing can be carried out by a dedicated energy storage unit, at a third port of this ac-ac power interface, or by the micro-grid operator dispatching the interfaces of the nano-grids in a similar way. In short, this project will focus on the power electronic interfaces and energy management strategies required for the development of sustainable grid-connected and autonomous micro-grids.