Understanding global change through life histories and ecology

通过生命史和生态学了解全球变化

• 批准号: 371433-2009
• 负责人: Dulvy, Nicholas
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: Simon Fraser University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=528210
• 关键词: Understanding; global; change; through; life

Rapid global change poses significant scientific challenges for evolutionary ecologists. Biodiversity underpins our life support; providing the air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat and much more. The wealth of these ecosystem services is depreciating rapidly as human populations expand, prosper and change the face of the globe. Coastal oceans comprise only 18% of the Earth's surface yet support half the world's fish biodiversity and provide more than half of global primary production, global denitrification and carbonate deposition and most of the global fisheries catch. My proposal targets three fundamental questions directly related to the impacts of global change on current and future sustainability of coastal oceans. Overfishing and increasingly climate change are the main drivers of population decline, extinction, invasions and habitat loss. My proposal directly addresses three big questions relevant to understanding the causes and consequences of biodiversity change at large spatial scales. (1) The overwhelming majority of species remain unknown, given the paucity of knowledge can we use life history theory and the links between life histories and extinction risk to prioritize potentially vulnerable species, specifically sharks and rays, for assessment and conservation? (2) Climate change has brought forward springtime, advancing the flowering of plants and blooming of phytoplankton by several weeks. What are the population consequences of the potential mismatch between the timing, intensity and duration of marine plankton blooms for the survival of marine fish larvae and which fish life history strategies are most vulnerable to climate mismatching? (3) How can we predict the effects of fishing and climate change on species richness at ecosystem-scales, especially since the majority of species remain unknown to science? I will address these questions using comparative 'meta-analysis' of global compilations of information from libraries, fisheries agencies and ocean-observing satellites combined with local-scale analyses of food web structure and function in three ecosystems: British Columbia intertidal shores and adjacent kelp forests, BC central coast salmon streams and Fijian coral reefs.

快速的全球变化对进化生态学家提出了重大的科学挑战。生物多样性支撑着我们的生命;提供我们呼吸的空气，我们饮用的水，我们吃的食物等等。随着人口的增长、繁荣和改变地球仪的面貌，这些生态系统服务的财富正在迅速贬值。沿海海洋仅占地球表面的18%，但支持世界上一半的鱼类生物多样性，并提供全球一半以上的初级生产，全球脱氮和碳酸盐沉积以及全球大部分渔业渔获量。我的建议针对与全球变化对沿海海洋当前和未来可持续性的影响直接相关的三个基本问题。过度捕捞和日益严重的气候变化是种群下降、灭绝、入侵和栖息地丧失的主要驱动力。我的建议直接解决了与理解大空间尺度上生物多样性变化的原因和后果相关的三大问题。(1)绝大多数物种仍然未知，鉴于知识的匮乏，我们能否利用生命史理论以及生命史与灭绝风险之间的联系，优先考虑潜在的脆弱物种，特别是鲨鱼和鳐，进行评估和保护？(2)气候变化使春天提前到来，植物开花和浮游植物开花提前了几周。海洋浮游生物大量繁殖的时间、强度和持续时间之间的潜在不匹配对海洋鱼类幼体的生存有什么样的人口后果，哪些鱼类生活史策略最容易受到气候不匹配的影响？(3)我们如何预测捕鱼和气候变化对生态系统范围内物种丰富度的影响，特别是因为大多数物种仍然不为科学所知？我将解决这些问题，使用比较“元分析”的全球汇编的信息从图书馆，渔业机构和海洋观测卫星结合当地规模的分析食物网结构和功能在三个生态系统：不列颠哥伦比亚省潮间带海岸和邻近的海带森林，BC中央海岸鲑鱼流和斐济珊瑚礁。