The neural correlates of motor memory consolidation in the human brain

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Theoretical models of motor learning propose that skilled practice induces the formation of an internal model for movement. A key element in the development of internal models is the transference of memories from a fragile to a more permanent, robust and stable state. Evidence for this process stems from research that shows that following practice of skilled movements, changes continue to take place in the brain that both strengthen and modify memory for motor learning. The main aim of the present proposal is to elucidate the network of brain regions that are critical for the process of motor memory consolidation. The proposed program of research uniquely advances past work in this field in three main ways. First, it emphasizes the functional significance of regional brain activity during motor memory consolidation. Evolution of the network activated in association with motor learning is widely believed to support motor consolidation. Yet just because the activation of a brain area is changed by consolidation does not mean that area was responsible for supporting consolidation. It is possible that changes within one brain area were driven by another brain area. To reveal the brain regions supporting consolidation it is first necessary to identify those areas that are directly activated during consolidation. Using brain stimulation (transcranial magnetic stimulation) to disrupt the function of activated areas is one approach that allows the determination of which areas are essential for consolidation. Second, it will investigate whether the time course of motor memory consolidation is unique in different brain regions. Third, it will examine whether motor memory consolidation requires interhemispheric interactions. This work is important as greater understanding of the neural basis of memory consolidation will inform the evolution of conceptual models of how internal models are developed to support learned movements.