Brain plasticity: cellular and metabolic aspects

大脑可塑性：细胞和代谢方面

• 批准号: 121327-2013
• 负责人: Messier, Claude
• 金额: $ 2.91万
• 依托单位: University of Ottawa
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=569175
• 关键词: Brain; plasticity; cellular; metabolic; aspects

Brain plasticity involves a number of processes that reshape the neuronal networks to allow new pathways to be established or existing pathways to be remodeled. These processes require metabolic energy and the ubiquitous energy substrate for the brain is glucose. For a number of years, I have been studying glucose transporters that are involved in the facilitated transport of glucose into brain cells. I have recently found that, in mice, the density of the GLUT1 glucose transporter increases in a number of brain regions following training in an operant bar-pressing task or by running in a running wheel. So, there is some evidence that plastic changes of glucose transporters may provide the additional energy to allow the remodeling processes involving dendritic sprouting, synapse remodeling and spine development. One of the way neuron received fuel is through astrocytes in the form of lactate which is transporter into neurons by monocarboxylate transporters. We will examine how brain activation produced by learning and memory processing can increase the number of these transporters in brain cells. This research program will address an important gap in our basic knowledge of brain metabolism that has been neglected in the past.

大脑可塑性涉及许多重塑神经元网络的过程，以允许建立新的通路或重塑现有通路。这些过程需要代谢能量，而大脑无处不在的能量底物是葡萄糖。多年来，我一直在研究葡萄糖转运蛋白，它参与了葡萄糖向脑细胞的易化转运。我最近发现，在小鼠中，在操作性压杆任务或在跑步轮中跑步的训练后，GLUT 1葡萄糖转运蛋白的密度在许多大脑区域中增加。因此，有一些证据表明，葡萄糖转运蛋白的可塑性变化可能提供额外的能量，使重塑过程，包括树突发芽，突触重塑和脊柱发育。神经元接受燃料的方式之一是通过星形胶质细胞以乳酸盐的形式，乳酸盐通过单羧酸转运蛋白转运到神经元中。我们将研究学习和记忆过程中产生的大脑激活如何增加脑细胞中这些转运蛋白的数量。这项研究计划将解决我们在过去被忽视的大脑代谢的基础知识的重要差距。