Developing novel electro-spun nano-fibre membrane adsorption systems for water treatment

开发用于水处理的新型电纺纳米纤维膜吸附系统

• 批准号: 463039-2014
• 负责人: Farnood, Ramin
• 金额: $ 10.85万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects - Group
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=577012
• 关键词: Developing; novel; electro; spun; nano

Access to safe drinking water is a necessity of life and has been declared by the United Nations as a human right. Although Canada is blessed by its vast water resources, anthropogenic activities over the past few decades have significantly eroded the quality of our water supplies. In 2001, Environment Canada's National Water Institute published a list of 15 threats related to the quality of drinking water sources in Canada, including pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), trace heavy metals, and pathogens. PPCPs have been detected in sub-ppm levels in many drinking water supplies. Although the long-term effect of PPCPs on human health has not been fully understood, with increasing public awareness all three levels of government in Canada have taken steps to address this rapidly growing issue. Moreover, with the accelerated pace of urbanization and industrialization, point source industrial discharges and urban runoffs have resulted in increased occurrence of trace heavy metals such as arsenic in the water supplies. It is estimated that in the Great Lakes region alone, between 100-1000 tons of trace metals are discharged annually due to runoffs. In the case of arsenic, new standards set by Health Canada (10 ppb) require the upgrading of many of the small water treatment systems. However, the cost of such upgrades is prohibitively large. Microbial contamination of water persists to be a major issue both in developing and developed countries. During 2009-2010, 33 drinking water-associated outbreaks were reported in the U.S., with 1,040 cases of illness, 85 hospitalizations, and nine deaths. In 2000, contaminated drinking water in Walkerton, Ontario caused seven fatalities and more than 2500 hospitalizations. According to Health Canada, as of January 2014, 88 First Nations communities were under drinking water advisories. In this project, we aim to develop novel technologies based on nano-fibrous adsorption membranes that can remove the above contaminants from the drinking water supplies in a cost effective way. Such technologies not only will guide the future regulations, but also will improve the public health and benefit our economy through the creation of new jobs and advancement of Canada's water industry.

获得安全饮用水是一项生活必需品，联合国已宣布这是一项人权。尽管加拿大拥有丰富的水资源，但过去几十年的人为活动严重侵蚀了我们的供水质量。2001年，加拿大环境部国家水研究所公布了一份与加拿大饮用水水源质量有关的15项威胁清单，其中包括药品和个人护理产品(PPCP)、痕量重金属和病原体。已在许多饮用水供应中检测到低于百万分之数的PPCP。虽然PPCP对人类健康的长期影响尚未得到充分了解，但随着公众意识的提高，加拿大三级政府都已采取措施解决这一迅速增长的问题。此外，随着经济增长步伐的加快， 城市化和工业化、点源工业排放和城市径流导致供水中砷等痕量重金属的出现增加。据估计，仅在大湖区，每年因径流而排放的痕量金属就在100至1000吨之间。就砷而言，加拿大卫生部制定的新标准(10 Ppb)要求对许多小型水处理系统进行升级。然而，这种升级的成本高得令人望而却步。在发展中国家和发达国家，水的微生物污染仍然是一个主要问题。2009-2010年间，美国报告了33起与饮用水有关的疫情，其中1040例患病，85人住院，9人死亡。2000年，安大略省沃克顿市受污染的饮用水造成7人死亡，2500多人住院。根据加拿大卫生部的数据，截至2014年1月，88个原住民社区正在 饮用水忠告。在这个项目中，我们的目标是开发基于纳米纤维吸附膜的新技术，能够以经济高效的方式从饮用水供应中去除上述污染物。这些技术不仅将指导未来的法规，还将通过创造新的就业机会和促进加拿大水务行业的进步来改善公众健康，并使我们的经济受益。