Laser hardening development

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A laser can be used for localized heat treatment of machine components and tools for improving hardening or wear resistance. A real-time microstructure controller for laser materials processing technology has been developed in prior work at the University of Waterloo and this project is intended to study the application of this technique to laser hardening and its real time control. High processing speeds of laser materials processing with precise hardening depths will provide fine grained martensite microstructures through short cooling times. Compared to conventional surface hardening methods, laser hardening offers: improved surface properties; short cycle times; integration of the hardening process into existing production lines; low heat distortion; process flexibility for complex geometries; higher temperature control; and reduced environmental emissions related to cooling media. In this project, we will look into heat treatment of a camshaft assembly using laser materials processing. Process parameters including laser power, laser focal point, travel speed, and forced cooling mechanisms are studied to characterize the hardening and its depth penetration. Surface property variations in different types of steels such as AIS 1030, 1050, 5140, 8630, or 9310 used in shafts with close located grooves and cross oil holes will be investigated. In addition, cooling rates and phase transformations under different conditions are assessed. Tests will be conducted to study mechanical properties of the laser beam hardened parts in relation to their microstructure and hardness distribution.