Identification of genes and signalling pathways modulated by extracellular hydrolysis products of triglycerides and phospholipids

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Lipids are important components of cell membranes, can supply energy to cells, and can act as signalling molecules within cells to trigger biological functions. Lipids that are obtained through diet, as well as some of the lipids that can be synthesized by cells, are transported in the circulation in all mammals by large complexes known as lipoproteins (ie. the lipoproteins LDL - also known as 'bad cholesterol', and HDL - also known as 'good cholesterol'). The break-down in the circulation of triglycerides and phospholipids that are associated with lipoproteins by a group of enzymes known as lipases results in the formation of 'hydrolysis products', such as fatty acids. The hydrolysis products can be delivered from the circulation to cells. Some evidence exists to support the idea that specific hydrolysis products from the circulation might trigger biological functions - some of which may be beneficial and some of which may be detrimental to the normal function of cells. The focus of our NSERC-funded research is to understand the cell functions that are modulated by hydrolysis products following the action of lipases on lipoproteins. Our studies will likely have an impact in further understanding how lipids may contribute at the level of the cell to a variety of ailments, such as obesity and heart disease.