Secure online services for private user data

当用户被要求或选择将私人/敏感数据披露给组织或政府实体进行处理时，必须在安全性和便利性之间取得平衡。在线提交往往是最方便的，但也带来了很大的风险。该研究计划提出了创新的加密协议的开发和部署，以提供安全的在线选举系统和安全的在线基因检测。任何安全关键的在线服务都必须至少为用户提供一个确定他们连接到目标方的过程（服务器身份验证），然后提供一个保密的通信渠道。当用户访问以https：//开头的网站（并且浏览器显示锁）时，这些属性是预期的，然而，该协议（称为SSL/TLS）所依赖的信任假设和基础设施最近受到质疑。 该研究计划将在三个方面进行：一个是改善SSL/TLS基础设施，一个是超越基本的SSL/TLS保护，用于在线投票的特定应用，还有一个是对在线基因测试做同样的事情。 当用户通过https：//访问网站时，该网站会提供一个由称为证书颁发机构（CA）的企业或组织认可的身份证书。任何CA都可以为任何站点颁发证书。CA的数量激增，验证的基线标准下降，CA的高调短裤已被公开披露。该研究计划将设计，实施和测试替代认证机制。 在线投票已在加拿大各地广泛使用，将由加拿大选举委员会在联邦一级进行试点，一些省份正在审议。与网上银行不同，在网上银行中，用户可以看到不正确、错误或欺诈性的交易，投票保密要求不能显示个人投票（这将使投票销售成为可能）。该研究计划将设计，实施和测试新型端到端可验证（E2 E）投票系统，该系统提供可证明正确的计票，同时保持每个选民投票的保密性，即使选民参与演示他们如何投票或使用恶意软件感染的个人计算机投票。 全基因组测序成本的降低有可能彻底改变医疗保健，允许基因测试和个性化医疗。然而，你的基因组是私人信息。一旦被公开或泄露，隐私将永远无法恢复。该研究计划将设计，实施和测试新的加密协议，以允许在加密的基因组上进行这些测试，同时提供测试正确执行的证据（即使测试的某些方面仍然保密）。 这项研究计划的结果应该是翔实和有用的政府选举机构，隐私专员，标准机构，互联网工作组，其他密码学，安全和隐私研究人员，以及选举和医疗保健行业。它将进一步装备一套安全专业人员所需的技能，在任何这些领域的工作或咨询，并将他们的知识和经验应用到新的领域。

When users are required to, or opt to, disclose private/sensitive data to an organization or government entity for processing, a balance must be struck between security and convenience. Online submission is often the most convenient but it also carries substantial risks. This research program proposes the development and deployment of innovative cryptographic protocols for providing secure online election systems and secure online genetic testing. Any security-critical online service must at least provide users with a process for determining they are connected to the intended party (server authentication) and then provide a confidential communication channel. These properties are intended when a user visits a website beginning with https:// (and the browser displays a lock), however, the trust assumptions and infrastructure this protocol (called SSL/TLS) relies on have been recently questioned. The research program will proceed in three thrusts: one toward improving the SSL/TLS infrastructure, one toward advancing beyond basic SSL/TLS protection for the specific application of online voting, and one that does the same for online genetic tests. When users visit a website over https://, the site provides a certificate of their identity, endorsed by a business or organization called a Certificate Authority (CA). Any CA can issue a certificate for any site. The number of CAs has proliferated, the baseline criteria for validation has declined, and high profile breeches of CAs have been publicly disclosed. This research program will design, implement, and test alternative mechanisms for certification. Online voting has been used municipally across Canada, is to be piloted federally by Elections Canada, and is being deliberated on by some provinces. Unlike online banking, where an incorrect, mistaken, or fraudulent transaction can be seen by the user, ballot secrecy mandates that individual votes cannot be displayed (which would enable vote selling). This research program will design, implement and test novel end-to-end verifiable (E2E) voting systems that provide a provably correct tally while maintaining the secrecy of each voter's ballot, even if the voter is complicit in demonstrating how they voted or uses a malware-infected personal computer to cast their ballot. The decreasing cost of whole genome sequencing has the potential to revolutionize healthcare, allowing genetic tests and personalized medicine. However, your genome is private information. Once it is disclosed or leaked, the privacy can never be recovered. This research program will design, implement and test novel cryptographic protocols for allowing these tests to be performed on an encrypted genome, while offering proof that the test was performed correctly (even if some aspects of the test remain confidential). The results of this research program should be informative and useful to government election agencies, privacy commissioners, standards institutes, internet working groups, other cryptography, security and privacy researchers, and to the elections and healthcare industry. It will further equip a set of security professionals with the skills required to work or consult in any of these areas, and to apply their knowledge and experience to novel domains.