Thermal-Hydraulics and Energy Systems

热工水力和能源系统

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-05970
• 负责人: Teyssedou, Alberto
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: École Polytechnique de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=611949
• 关键词: Thermal; Hydraulics; Energy; Systems

World energy demand will rise by 45% in 2030; however, current trends in energy supply and consumption don’t satisfy environmental sustainability. Thus, maintaining economy growth and acceptable social standards, necessitates efficient energy conversion techniques. Objectives of this proposal are committed to lie on top of these requirements throughout three themes. i) Study the behaviour of water at supercritical conditions: Ten countries are collaborating (Generation-IV International Forum) to develop nuclear reactors for replacing present technologies, their main characteristics are: competitiveness, sustainability, safety and resistance to proliferation. Canada is involved on the design of a Supercritical Water-cooled Reactor (SCWR). However, the thermalhydraulics of water beyond its critical point is still unclear. Support from NSERC/NRCan/AECL and Hydro-Québec has made possible the construction of a 750 kW supercritical water loop at École Polytechnique. This loop (unique in Canada) will be used to perform supercritical water (SW) pressure drop and forced convective heat transfer experiments. Test sections will be manufactured from Hastelloy C-276 to study supercritical flows under deteriorated heat transfer regimes. These data is mandatory for designing components of SCWR’s. Long-term objectives will involve modeling thermalhydraulics behaviour of SW. ii) Study CANDU moderator flow instabilities: CANDU reactors are one of the safest systems that contribute decreasing greenhouse emissions with low environmental impact. Nevertheless, since 1980, simulations indicated the existence of moderator flow instabilities. It is possible that they are triggered by competition between density driven momentum and inertia coupled to heat transfer and neutron flux distributions. Due to computational limitations, past simulations were performed using a distributed porosity model approach. This technique limits calculations to correctly represent the physics of the problem. In fact, 380 fuel channels in the calandria (approx. 6 m x 6 m cylinder), jointly with small water injectors of few cm, makes the numerical problem quite complex. Simulations based on 2D Navier-Stokes equations necessitate at least 3.5 million elements. In this project, we will implement a 3D CFD model to be solved with the Québec high performance computing network using “Code-Saturne” software and 100 million elements. CFD simulations will be coupled with neutron simulations. Numerical data will permit us to understand the phenomena and characterize the flow based on dimensionless numbers. In long-term, valuable models for the nuclear industry will be developed. iii) Exergy modeling and optimization of integrated energy systems: Environmental impact of energy consumption decreases with increasing performance of energy conversion units. Better use of energy resources can be achieved by integrating different sources and technologies. Integration increases the difficulty to determine optimal equipment operation that must satisfy external constrains (weather.) System analyses cannot be performed using only the first law of thermodynamics. In a short-term, first and second laws (exergy) will be applied to create models and optimization tools. Matrix and graphic representations of distributed exergy sources and destruction sinks in integrated systems will be developed. In a long-term, superstructure matrix implementations within stochastic algorithms will be used for optimization. We have more than 30 years of experience working in nuclear and conventional energy areas. Outcomes from this program should have direct impact on nuclear, thermal, solar and geothermal technologies, and thus contribute to the industrial and economical wellbeing of Canada.

到2030年，世界能源需求将增长45%；然而，目前能源供应和消费的趋势不能满足环境可持续性。因此，要保持经济增长和可接受的社会标准，就必须采用有效的能源转换技术。这项提案的目标致力于在三个主题中以这些要求为基础。一)研究水在超临界条件下的行为：十个国家正在合作(第四代国际论坛)开发核反应堆，以取代现有技术，其主要特点是：竞争力、可持续性、安全性和防扩散。加拿大参与了超临界水冷反应堆(SCWR)的设计。然而，超过临界点的水的热工水力仍不清楚。在NSERC/NRCan/AECL和魁北克水电公司的支持下，埃科尔理工学院建造了750千瓦的超临界水回路。该回路(在加拿大独一无二)将用于执行超临界水压降和强制对流换热实验。测试部分将由Hastelloy C-276制造，用于研究恶化换热条件下的超临界流动。这些数据是设计SCWR组件所必需的。长期目标将涉及对西南地区的热工水力行为进行建模。Ii)研究坎杜慢化剂流动不稳定性：坎杜反应堆是最安全的系统之一，有助于减少温室气体排放，对环境影响小。然而，自1980年以来，模拟表明慢化剂流动不稳定性的存在。它们可能是由密度驱动的动量和惯性之间的竞争触发的，这些惯性与热传递和中子通量分布相耦合。由于计算的限制，过去的模拟是使用分布式孔隙度模型方法进行的。这种技术将计算限制为正确地表示问题的物理性质。事实上，Calandria地区的380个燃料通道(约6m×6m圆柱体)，再加上几厘米的小注水器，使得数值问题变得相当复杂。基于二维Navier-Stokes方程的模拟至少需要350万个单元。在这个项目中，我们将实现一个3D CFD模型，通过魁北克高性能计算网络，使用“Code-saturne”软件和1亿个单元进行求解。CFD模拟将与中子模拟相结合。数值数据将使我们能够理解这些现象，并基于无量纲数来描述流动。从长远来看，将为核工业开发出有价值的模式。3)综合能源系统的(火用)建模和优化：能源消耗对环境的影响随着能源转换单元性能的提高而降低。通过整合不同的能源和技术，可以更好地利用能源。集成增加了确定必须满足外部约束(天气)的最佳设备运行的难度。系统分析不能仅用热力学第一定律来进行。短期内，第一定律和第二定律(火用)将被应用于创建模型和优化工具。将开发集成系统中分布式(火用)源和销毁汇的矩阵和图形表示。从长远来看，随机算法中的上层建筑矩阵实现将被用于优化。我们在核能和常规能源领域拥有30多年的工作经验。该计划的成果将对核能、热能、太阳能和地热技术产生直接影响，从而为加拿大的工业和经济福祉做出贡献。