The interactions between phasic and adaptable elements of ocular vergence

眼聚散的阶段性要素和适应性要素之间的相互作用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-04404
• 负责人: Bobier, William
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=615040
• 关键词: interactions; between; phasic; adaptable; elements

If I were to consider purchasing a self-driving car I would look carefully at the beyond the rapid transmission speeds, the accurate sensors that would be critical to the servomechanism. Instead I would look beyond the hard wired elements, for a property found most motor systems known as adaptation. Adaptation is the ability to deal with changes over time brought on by many variables such as the rusting of the components of the motor chassis. Human motor adaptation allows adjustment to perturbations in a given reflex system. Motor adaptations have been well studied. Eye movements often provide a model with less complexity then most motor systems as the stimulus and response remain in the domain of one organ. Movements are made by 3 pairs of extraocular muscles which behave similarly. Movements can be represented by 3 orthogonal axes. However, even oculomotor adaptations are known only in terms of changes to the original reflex. Little is known about the motor traits of the adaptive response itself. In the case of ocular convergence; however, the adaptive mechanism acts to replace reflex innervation with increase tonic innervation. This proposal exploits the findings that adaptive changes in the tonic levels of vergence engage after the completion of the reflex movement. This allows a unique view of the adaptive response instead of adaptation being hidden where we see its effects indirectly based upon adjustments original movement. An experimental design was developed to measure the properties of the vergence adaptive response as well as the initial reflex movement. By isolating the dynamic properties of the adaptive response we can now determine its inputs and outputs in order to answer the questions about whether it is influenced by other associated eye movements such as saccades, and whether the vergence adaptive response can act to adjust the original response. . Isolation of the adapted response will also allow anatomical correlates to be identified using approved methods of cranial stimulation (TMS) of the vermis of the cerebellum. From studies of other eye movements, TMS stimulation will be applied in order that adaption is either enhanced or attenuated. Further, tonic adaptation could represent circuitry limited to the midbrain and cerebellum and thus represent a very basic motor element of motor adaptation. The work will be translational since we have shown that reduced vergence adaptation underlies well known clinical conditions such as convergence insufficiency and that vergence adaptation can be restored by through overall remediation using eye excercises.

如果我要考虑购买一辆自动驾驶汽车，我会仔细考虑除了快速传输速度之外的因素，以及对伺服机构至关重要的精确传感器。相反，我会超越硬连线元素，寻找大多数运动系统称为适应的属性。适应是指随着时间的推移，应对由许多变量带来的变化的能力，例如电机底盘部件的生锈。人类运动适应允许对给定反射系统中的扰动进行调整。电机适应性已得到充分研究。由于刺激和反应保留在一个器官的范围内，因此眼球运动通常提供的模型比大多数运动系统的复杂性要低。运动是由 3 对行为相似的眼外肌进行的。运动可以用 3 个正交轴表示。然而，即使是动眼适应也只能通过原始反射的变化来了解。人们对适应性反应本身的运动特征知之甚少。在眼球会聚的情况下；然而，适应性机制的作用是用增加的强直神经支配来代替反射神经支配。该提议利用了这样的发现：反射运动完成后，辐散度的强直水平发生适应性变化。这允许对自适应响应有一个独特的视图，而不是隐藏自适应，我们可以根据原始运动的调整间接看到其效果。开发了一种实验设计来测量聚散适应性反应以及初始反射运动的特性。通过隔离自适应响应的动态特性，我们现在可以确定其输入和输出，以便回答以下问题：它是否受到其他相关眼动（例如扫视）的影响，以及聚散自适应响应是否可以调整原始响应。 。适应反应的分离还可以使用经批准的小脑蚓部颅脑刺激（TMS）方法来识别解剖学相关性。根据对其他眼球运动的研究，将应用 TMS 刺激来增强或减弱适应性。此外，强直适应可以代表仅限于中脑和小脑的电路，因此代表运动适应的非常基本的运动元件。这项工作将是转化性的，因为我们已经表明，聚散适应的降低是众所周知的临床状况（例如会聚不足）的基础，并且可以通过使用眼部锻炼的整体补救来恢复聚散适应。