Adaptive behavior of the oculomotor near triad

眼球运动使我们能够改变并保持对外部世界物体的注视。当物体的深度发生变化时，眼睛的焦点(调节)和对齐(收敛)也会发生相应的变化。这些眼球运动系统通过相互的交联链相互连接，从而增强了这两种功能的协调。例如，仅在年轻人眼球对齐方面的改变就可以提供必要的对准改变和同时将焦点改变到空间中的相同位置。然而，当阅读等任务的注视时间延长时，这种同步需要调整。此外，如果焦点的程度和所需的对准之间存在不对称，就像通过棱镜观察的情况一样，那么必须产生更广泛的适应过程来改变基本的反射反应。种群显示由于其交联组分的不对称性质而产生的具有特定适应模式的个体亚群。这些个体提供了丰富的底物，在此基础上研究适应和交链反应之间的关系。通过这项研究，我们应该更好地了解我们的双眼运动系统，并洞察为什么一些眼球运动系统未能显示出正常的适应反应，这些异常适应模式经常是初级眼科保健中常见的临床疾病的基础。这些障碍伴随着可预见的症状和阅读等视觉任务的局限性。更好地了解适应的基本机制和模式将为利用眼科和专门视力训练程序诊断和治疗这些疾病提供更坚实的基础。

Eye movements allow us to change and hold our fixation on objects in the external world. When an object changes in depth, a corresponding change in ocular focus (accommodation) and alignment (vergence) takes place. These oculomotor systems are interconnected by reciprocal cross links allowing an enhanced coordination of these two functions. For example, a change in eye alignment alone in a young person can provide both the necessary change in alignment and a simultaneous change in focus to the same position in space. However, this synchrony requires adjustment when fixation is prolonged for tasks such as reading. Furthermore, if an asymmetry exists between the degree of focus and alignment needed, as in the case of viewing through a prism, then more extensive adaptive processes must result to modify the basic reflexive responses. Populations show sub groups of individuals which have specific patterns of adaptation arising due to the asymmetric nature of their cross link components. These individuals provide a rich substrate upon which to examine the relationship between adaptation and cross link responses. From this research we should gain both a better understanding of our binocular motor system as well as insight into why some oculomotor systems fail to show normal adaptive responses, These patterns of anomalous adaptation often underlie common clinical disorders found in primary eye care. These disorders are accompanied by predictable symptomology and limitations in visual tasks such as reading. A better understanding of the basic mechanisms and patterns of adaptation will provide a firmer basis in the diagnosis and the treatment of these conditions using ophthalmic and specialized vision training procedures.