Adaptive behavior of the oculomotor near triad

眼球运动使我们能够改变并保持对外部世界物体的注视。当物体的深度发生变化时，眼焦点（调节）和对准（会聚）也会发生相应的变化。这些动眼肌系统通过相互的交联相互连接，从而增强了这两个功能的协调。例如，在一个年轻人身上，仅仅是眼睛对准的改变就可以提供必要的对准变化，同时也可以将焦点转移到空间中的同一位置。然而，当注视时间延长时，这种同步需要调整，比如阅读。此外，如果在聚焦程度和所需的对齐之间存在不对称，就像通过棱镜观看一样，那么必须产生更广泛的适应过程来修改基本的反射反应。种群显示了由于其交联成分的不对称性质而产生的具有特定适应模式的个体亚群。这些个体为研究适应和交联反应之间的关系提供了丰富的基础。从这项研究中，我们应该更好地了解我们的双眼运动系统，以及为什么一些眼球运动系统不能表现出正常的适应性反应，这些异常适应的模式通常是初级眼科保健中常见的临床疾病的基础。这些障碍伴随着可预测的症状和视觉任务（如阅读）的限制。更好地了解适应的基本机制和模式将为使用眼科和专业视力训练程序诊断和治疗这些疾病提供更坚实的基础。

Eye movements allow us to change and hold our fixation on objects in the external world. When an object changes in depth, a corresponding change in ocular focus (accommodation) and alignment (vergence) takes place. These oculomotor systems are interconnected by reciprocal cross links allowing an enhanced coordination of these two functions. For example, a change in eye alignment alone in a young person can provide both the necessary change in alignment and a simultaneous change in focus to the same position in space. However, this synchrony requires adjustment when fixation is prolonged for tasks such as reading. Furthermore, if an asymmetry exists between the degree of focus and alignment needed, as in the case of viewing through a prism, then more extensive adaptive processes must result to modify the basic reflexive responses. Populations show sub groups of individuals which have specific patterns of adaptation arising due to the asymmetric nature of their cross link components. These individuals provide a rich substrate upon which to examine the relationship between adaptation and cross link responses. From this research we should gain both a better understanding of our binocular motor system as well as insight into why some oculomotor systems fail to show normal adaptive responses, These patterns of anomalous adaptation often underlie common clinical disorders found in primary eye care. These disorders are accompanied by predictable symptomology and limitations in visual tasks such as reading. A better understanding of the basic mechanisms and patterns of adaptation will provide a firmer basis in the diagnosis and the treatment of these conditions using ophthalmic and specialized vision training procedures.