Control and Operation of Distributed Energy Storage in Active Distribution Networks

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Renewable energy technologies, together with advances in energy efficiency, are being used globally to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to relieve the energy crisis brought on by the depletion of fossil fuels. Representing a growing part of the smart grid model for the electric power industry, renewable distributed generation (RDG) units including photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind turbines will be connected to the power distribution systems in increasing numbers. RDG units are small, modular, electrical energy generation units located close to where electricity is used. They are used as an alternative to or an enhancement of the traditional electric power grid to provide high-quality, reliable electricity at the utility customer sites. RDG technologies may also be beneficial in delaying electric utility infrastructure upgrades. Existing power systems, however, impose a number of constraints on RDG interconnection because of safety, economics, and lack of knowledge and tools to support large-scale integration of RDG. Significant research is needed to mitigate the gap between the characteristics of RDG such as variability, uncertainty and distribution, and the restricted grid operation and regulation standards of utilities. The proposed program will investigate and develop optimal control and operation technologies for distributed energy storage (DES) to ensure compatibility of RDG with the power systems. The focus will be on employing DES to mitigate the voltage regulation and power dispatch issues caused by PV interconnections in distribution power systems. The outcomes of this program will provide solutions for the addressed RDG interconnection problems so that the utilization efficiency of RDG can be maximized and RDG can be better integrated into the grid, which will incent more and more RDG to be used by utilities and customers. The program will also bring up-to-date knowledge and tools to Canadian utility companies and prepare them well to meet the widespread applications of RDG technologies. In addition, the trained highly qualified personnel through the program will gain the knowledge and skills needed by Canadian industry and academia to accelerate the smart grid realization in Canada.