Biomimetic Synthetic Grafts for Bone Regeneration and Epithelial Healing

全世界有数百万患者因事故、癌症、感染或先天缺陷而遭受皮肤和骨骼的严重伤害。这些情况对患者的生活质量造成毁灭性的影响，往往危及生命，并导致医疗保健机构的高额费用。目前，通过对新鲜尸体的活体组织进行复杂的外科移植，包括皮肤和骨骼（即四肢、面部）在内的身体部位的重建已经成为可能。尽管这项技术显示出巨大的潜力，活体器官移植需要强有力的免疫抑制疗法，这大大降低了患者的预期寿命。目前还没有人造材料设计用于骨和皮肤损伤的再生。塔米米博士的研究项目旨在开发合成材料，从而消除对尸体移植的需求。为了制备这种材料，Tamimi博士将研究骨骼的化学成分如何影响其生物行为。骨矿物质主要由钙和磷酸盐组成，然而，它也包括低浓度的许多其他元素，称为微量元素。微量元素在骨骼中的作用目前还不清楚，没有定论；然而，一些研究表明，它们可能对骨再生有有益的影响。用于骨再生的合成材料是由简单的成分制成的，往往忽略了这些微量元素的潜在相关性。因此，Tamimi博士将在拟议的5年发现拨款申请中研究：i)微量元素在骨骼中的作用，并确定哪些元素可能对骨骼形成有积极影响（目标1）；ii)在合成材料中添加微量元素对骨再生的影响（目标2）；iii)将新开发的骨再生生物材料与用于皮肤愈合的合成膜相结合，形成适用于皮肤和骨骼复杂损伤重建的复合材料（目标3）。

Millions of patients worldwide suffer from severe injuries involving skin and skeleton due to accidents, cancer, infection or birth defects. These conditions have devastating impact on the quality of life of the patients, are often life-threatening, and result in high costs to healthcare agencies. Currently, reconstruction of body parts that include skin and bone (i.e. limbs, face) has been made possible through complex surgical transplantation of living tissues from fresh cadavers. Although this technique has shown great potential, transplantation of living organs requires strong immunosuppressive therapies that reduce considerably the life expectancy of the patients. Currently there are no artificial materials designed to regenerate injuries involving both bone and skin. Dr. Tamimi's research program aims at developing synthetic materials that would eliminate the need for cadaver grafts. In order to prepare such materials, Dr Tamimi will investigate how the chemical composition of bone influences its biological behaviour. Bone mineral is mainly composed of calcium and phosphate, however, its also includes low concentrations of a wide range of many other elements known as trace elements. The role of trace elements in bone is currently not clear and inconclusive; however, some studies indicate that they may have useful effects on bone regeneration. Synthetic materials used for bone regeneration are made of simple components that often ignore the potential relevance of these trace elements. Accordingly, in the proposed 5-year discover grant application Dr Tamimi will investigate: i)the role of trace elements in bone and identify which elements may have a positive effect on bone formation (Objective 1); ii) the effect of adding trace elements to synthetic materials for bone regeneration (Objective 2); and iii) the combination of the newly developed bone regeneration biomaterials with synthetic membranes for skin healing resulting in compound materials suitable for reconstruction of complex injuries involving skin and bone (Objective 3).