Dynamic and thermodynamic processes of snow covered sea ice

积雪海冰的动力和热力学过程

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04950
• 负责人: Barber, David
• 金额: $ 2.99万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=644617
• 关键词: Dynamic; thermodynamic; processes; snow; covered

The Arctic icescape is transforming rapidly from one dominated by a perennial to a seasonal sea ice cover.  The summer minimum extent of Arctic sea ice has declined by 50% since the earliest satellite records, with a record minimum in September 2012.  These changes have significant implications throughout the Arctic ocean-sea ice-atmosphere (OSA) interface, and through teleconnections to lower latitudes of our planet.  The impacts of changes in the areal extent, thickness and circulation of sea ice are varied and significant throughout most components of the physical, biological, and biogeochemical aspects of the Arctic marine environment.  There are also many climate related issues affecting indigenous use of the icescape and safe operation of maritime industries now jockeying to develop newly accessible resources in the Arctic.  My long-term objectives are to understand how the atmosphere and ocean affect sea ice dynamic and thermodynamic processes; to predict future changes in sea ice based on this knowledge; and to examine the consequences of this change on various aspects of biogeochemical cycles operating across the OSA interface.  To accomplish this I intend to examine these interacting systems at a range of space and time scales, taking advantage of in situ experimentation, model development and a cycle of hypothesis formation, testing and reformulation. Over the course of this NSERC grant I intend to examine four short-term objectives:***1) Macro-scale - Examine the role of regional to hemispheric scale oceanic and atmospheric forcing of sea ice dynamic and thermodynamic processes. ***2) Micro-scale - Investigate the exchange processes at the micro- to local-scale of mass and energy across the OSA interface with a particular emphasis on high frequency atmospheric and oceanic events.***3) Technology - Develop techniques to estimate the geophysical and thermodynamic state of the snow/sea ice system using microwave scattering and emission observations, electro-thermophysical, forward and inverse scattering models.***4) Ecosystem - Examine the nature of sea ice as a habitat over a range of trophic levels combining knowledge from objectives 1 and 2 (above) using technology developed in objective 3.***I will address the objectives of this proposal using a combination of field experiments, mesocosm research, modelling experiments, and electromagnetic (EM) interaction studies. ***I plan to conduct annual sea ice field programs that are land-based, located on both mobile multiyear and landfast first-year sea ice, and from our research icebreaker (NGCC Amundsen).   The multidisciplinary nature of our field teams allows for a true `systems approach' to understanding how the Arctic ice cover is changing and to work with biologists, geochemists and oceanographers to understand the impacts of observed changes in sea ice on various elements of the marine ecosystem.

北极冰景正在迅速从以常年冰盖为主的冰盖转变为季节性海冰盖。  自最早的卫星记录以来，夏季北极海冰的最小范围已减少了 50%，并在 2012 年 9 月创下了最低记录。这些变化对整个北冰洋-海冰-大气 (OSA) 界面以及通过遥相关到地球低纬度地区产生了重大影响。  海冰面积范围、厚度和环流的变化对北极海洋环境的物理、生物和生物地球化学方面的大部分组成部分的影响是多种多样且显着的。  还有许多与气候相关的问题影响着冰景的本土利用和目前正在努力开发北极新资源的海运业的安全运营。  我的长期目标是了解大气和海洋如何影响海冰动力学和热力学过程；根据这些知识预测海冰的未来变化；并检查这种变化对跨 OSA 接口运行的生物地球化学循环的各个方面的影响。  为了实现这一目标，我打算利用现场实验、模型开发以及假设形成、测试和重新制定的循环，在一系列空间和时间尺度上检查这些相互作用的系统。在这笔 NSERC 拨款的过程中，我打算研究四个短期目标：***1) 宏观尺度 - 研究区域到半球尺度的海洋和大气强迫对海冰动力学和热力学过程的作用。 ***2) 微观尺度 - 研究 OSA 界面上微观到局域尺度的质量和能量交换过程，特别强调高频大气和海洋事件。***3) 技术 - 开发利用微波散射和发射观测、电热物理、前向和逆向散射模型来估计雪/海冰系统的地球物理和热力学状态的技术。***4) 生态系统 - 使用目标 3 中开发的技术，结合来自目标 1 和 2（上述）的知识，检查海冰作为一系列营养级栖息地的性质。***我将结合现场实验、中生态研究、建模实验和电磁 (EM) 相互作用研究来解决本提案的目标。 ***我计划开展年度海冰实地项目，这些项目是基于陆地的，位于移动多年海冰和固定第一年海冰上，以及我们的研究破冰船（NGCC Amundsen）。   我们的现场团队具有多学科性质，可以采用真正的“系统方法”来了解北极冰盖的变化，并与生物学家、地球化学家和海洋学家合作，了解观测到的海冰变化对海洋生态系统各个要素的影响。