Dynamic and thermodynamic processes of snow covered sea ice

积雪海冰的动力和热力学过程

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04950
• 负责人: Barber, David
• 金额: $ 2.99万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=688232
• 关键词: Dynamic; thermodynamic; processes; snow; covered

The Arctic icescape is transforming rapidly from one dominated by a perennial to a seasonal sea ice cover.  The summer minimum extent of Arctic sea ice has declined by 50% since the earliest satellite records, with a record minimum in September 2012.  These changes have significant implications throughout the Arctic ocean-sea ice-atmosphere (OSA) interface, and through teleconnections to lower latitudes of our planet.  The impacts of changes in the areal extent, thickness and circulation of sea ice are varied and significant throughout most components of the physical, biological, and biogeochemical aspects of the Arctic marine environment.  There are also many climate related issues affecting indigenous use of the icescape and safe operation of maritime industries now jockeying to develop newly accessible resources in the Arctic.  My long-term objectives are to understand how the atmosphere and ocean affect sea ice dynamic and thermodynamic processes; to predict future changes in sea ice based on this knowledge; and to examine the consequences of this change on various aspects of biogeochemical cycles operating across the OSA interface.  To accomplish this I intend to examine these interacting systems at a range of space and time scales, taking advantage of in situ experimentation, model development and a cycle of hypothesis formation, testing and reformulation. Over the course of this NSERC grant I intend to examine four short-term objectives:***1) Macro-scale - Examine the role of regional to hemispheric scale oceanic and atmospheric forcing of sea ice dynamic and thermodynamic processes. ***2) Micro-scale - Investigate the exchange processes at the micro- to local-scale of mass and energy across the OSA interface with a particular emphasis on high frequency atmospheric and oceanic events.***3) Technology - Develop techniques to estimate the geophysical and thermodynamic state of the snow/sea ice system using microwave scattering and emission observations, electro-thermophysical, forward and inverse scattering models.***4) Ecosystem - Examine the nature of sea ice as a habitat over a range of trophic levels combining knowledge from objectives 1 and 2 (above) using technology developed in objective 3.***I will address the objectives of this proposal using a combination of field experiments, mesocosm research, modelling experiments, and electromagnetic (EM) interaction studies. ***I plan to conduct annual sea ice field programs that are land-based, located on both mobile multiyear and landfast first-year sea ice, and from our research icebreaker (NGCC Amundsen).   The multidisciplinary nature of our field teams allows for a true `systems approach' to understanding how the Arctic ice cover is changing and to work with biologists, geochemists and oceanographers to understand the impacts of observed changes in sea ice on various elements of the marine ecosystem.

北极的冰山正在从一个多年生的季节性海冰覆盖中迅速转变为一个。自从最早的卫星记录以来，夏季最小北极海冰的最小程度下降了50％，在2012年9月的最低记录中。这些变化在整个北极海洋冰冰（OSA）界面以及通过遥控器中具有重大影响，以降低我们星球的纬度。在北极海洋环境的物理，生物学和生物地球化学方面的大多数组成部分中，海冰范围，海冰的厚度和循环的变化的影响各不相同。还有许多与气候相关的问题，影响了目前在北极开发新近接近资源的婚姻行业的土著使用和安全运营的土著使用。我的长期目标是了解大气和海洋如何影响海冰动态和热力学过程。根据这些知识来预测海冰的未来变化；并检查这种变化对跨OSA界面运行的生物地球化学周期的各个方面的后果。为了实现这一目标，我打算在一系列时空尺度上检查这些相互作用的系统，并利用原位实验，模型发展以及假设形成，测试和重新制定的循环。在这项NSERC赠款的过程中，我打算检查四个短期目标：*** 1）宏观尺度 - 检查区域与半球尺度的探测海冰动力学和热力学过程的作用。 *** 2）微观尺度 - 研究在OSA界面的微观到局部质量和能量的交换过程，特别强调高频大气和海洋事件。生态系统 - 使用目标中开发的技术结合了目标1和2（上）知识的一系列营养水平的栖息地的性质。 ***我计划在移动多年和Landfast的第一年海冰上以及我们的研究ICEBREAKER（NGCC Amundsen）上进行年度海冰场计划，以陆基为基础。我们现场团队的多学科性质允许采用真正的“系统方法”，以了解北极冰盖如何变化，并与生物学家，地球化学主义者和海洋学家合作，以了解观察到的海冰变化对海洋生态系统各个元素的影响。