Equipment selection and on-site utilization for heavy industrial projects

重工业项目设备选型及现场使用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-05651
• 负责人: Bouferguene, Ahmed
• 金额: $ 1.46万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=645946
• 关键词: Equipment; selection; site; utilization; heavy

The oil sands industry is currently one of the strongest driving forces of Canadian economy. Recent statistics indicate that Canada is the third-largest oil reserves in the world, after Saudi Arabia and Venezuela with an estimated reserve of 174 billion barrels of which 170 billion are located in Alberta in the form of oil sands (Alberta Government, 2012). Because the Northern part of Alberta is known for its harsh and long winter, heavy construction faces stringent time constraints and because of that modular construction emerged as the solution of choice for large scale projects. However, as modules evolved to be heavier (sometimes in excess of 500 metric tons) and more voluminous their on-site assembly requires mobile crane. As a result of the industry embracing the concept of modularization, the challenge of heavy construction shifted from fabrication to assembly thus making crane operations one of the critical factors that could impact efficiency. A close examination of crane operations, especially from the view point of practitioners, shows that path planning is a challenging task especially for large scale projects which makes its automation indispensable to ensure fast responses to change in work orders or in the scope of the project. The proposed research aims at developing a holistic methodology to crane operations which integrates site layout, path planning and module assembly sequencing. The proposed research departs from previous work on two main elements: (i) in contrast to other studies in which paths are represented by polylines, the proposed research builds such trajectories as a sequence of rotations and translations which are the only fundamental motions of cranes; (ii) because installed modules may become obstacles for subsequent lifts, it is important to analyse the order in which modules are assembled so to maximize the area where a mobile crane can maneuver. This leads to a better utilization of mobile cranes since an optimal sequencing of modules reduces the need for crane walking or re-allocation which occurs when obstacle-free paths could not be found. However, to be complete the proposed research also addresses the issues of path planning in the case where the crane is required to walk while carrying the load.

油砂产业目前是加拿大经济最强劲的推动力之一。最近的统计数据表明，加拿大是世界第三大石油储量，仅次于沙特阿拉伯和委内瑞拉，估计储量为 1,740 亿桶，其中 1,700 亿桶以油砂形式存在于艾伯塔省（艾伯塔省政府，2012 年）。由于阿尔伯塔省北部以其严酷而漫长的冬季而闻名，重型建筑面临着严格的时间限制，因此模块化建筑成为大型项目的首选解决方案。然而，随着模块变得越来越重（有时超过 500 吨）且体积越来越大，其现场组装需要移动式起重机。由于行业接受模块化概念，重型建筑的挑战从制造转向组装，从而使起重机操作成为可能影响效率的关键因素之一。对起重机操作的仔细检查，特别是从从业者的角度来看，表明路径规划是一项具有挑战性的任务，特别是对于大型项目而言，这使得其自动化对于确保快速响应工单或项目范围的变化必不可少。拟议的研究旨在开发一种起重机操作的整体方法，其中集成了场地布局、路径规划和模块组装顺序。这项研究在两个主要方面与之前的工作不同：（i）与其他用折线表示路径的研究相比，这项研究建立了一系列旋转和平移的轨迹，这是起重机唯一的基本运动； (ii) 由于安装的模块可能会成为后续提升的障碍，因此分析模块的组装顺序非常重要，以便最大限度地扩大移动式起重机可以操纵的区域。这可以更好地利用移动式起重机，因为模块的最佳排序减少了在无法找到无障碍路径时发生的起重机行走或重新分配的需要。然而，为了完成所提出的研究，还解决了起重机需要在承载负载时行走的情况下的路径规划问题。