Highly personalized user interfaces

这项提议解决的问题是，文字处理器和网络浏览器等日常互动软件工具是一刀切的，通常是为虚构的普通用户设计的。智能手机和平板电脑也同样是一刀切的。它们无法适应用户的一系列需求和偏好。这迫使用户使自己适应该工具。设计能够以显著方式个性化以满足用户多样性的工具是一个很有前途的解决方案；工具不是塑造用户行为的工具，而是通过预测用户需要来适应用户，或者用户个性化工具以满足他们自己的需求。这样的个性化很难实现。如果设计得不好，它可能会增加交互的复杂性，使工具更难使用。*研究的总体目标是创建易于使用的高度个性化的界面。这需要：(A)捕捉不同形态、界面和工具类别的用户需求和偏好的个体差异；(B)利用这种理解来构建高度个性化的界面；以及(C)验证所构建的界面是否可用，并支持早先观察到的个体差异。*本提案描述了四个平行和互补的研究线索，每个研究线索跨越上述要求，并在特定领域推进个性化：*(1)个性化软件中断，以减轻来自电子邮件、软件更新警报、社交媒体等的大量通知造成的中断；*(2)个性化手势输入，让手持设备上的交互更高效、更令人满意；*(3)协作个性化策略，支持共享个性化，让用户可以从更有技术专长的人创作的个性化中受益；以及*(4)跨用户生命周期和能力水平的个性化：i)创建更顺应用户年龄的设备，ii)为有严重运动和认知障碍的个人创建易于个性化的即插即用媒体系统。*尽管难以量化，但不满足个人需求和能力的交互技术的成本体现在低效实践、用户分心、生产力下降和特定用户群体的直接进入障碍中。相反，根据个人需求高度个性化的设计将带来功能更好、成本更低、丰富生活的高价值产品。

This proposal addresses the problem that everyday interactive software tools, such as word processors and web browsers, are one-size-fits-all, often designed for a mythical average user. Smartphones and tablets are similarly one-size-fits-all. They are unable to accommodate a range of user needs and preferences. This forces users to adapt themselves to the tool. Designing tools that can be personalized in a significant way to satisfy user diversity is a promising solution; instead of the tool shaping the user's behaviour, the tool adapts to the user by predicting what the user needs, or the user personalizes the tool to fit their own needs. Such personalization is difficult to achieve. If not well designed, it can add more complexity to the interaction, making tools even harder to use.******The general research objective is to create highly personalized interfaces that are easy to use. This requires: (a) capturing individual differences in user needs and preferences across modalities, interfaces, and classes of tools; (b) utilizing that understanding to build highly personalizable interfaces; and (c) validating that the built interfaces are usable and support the earlier observed individual differences.******This proposal describes four parallel and complementary research threads, each of which spans the requirements above and advances personalization in a particular domain:******(1) personalized software interruptions to mitigate the disruption caused by the deluge of notifications from emails, software update alerts, social media and more;******(2) personalized gesture input to make interactions on handheld devices more efficient and satisfying;******(3) collaborative personalization strategies to support sharing personalizations so that users can benefit from personalizations authored by those with more technical expertise; and******(4) personalization across users' lifespans and ability levels to: i) create devices that adapt more seamlessly to users as they age, and ii) create an easy-to-personalize plug-and-play media system for individuals with significant motor and cognitive impairments.******Though difficult to quantify, the cost of interactive technologies that do not meet individual needs and abilities is felt in inefficient practices, distracted users, lost productivity and outright barriers to entry for specific user populations. Conversely, design that is highly personalized to individual needs will lead to high-value products that work better, cost less and enrich lives.