Multi-physical and multi-scale theorectical-numerical modeling of the tire-pavement-interaction

为未来的交通负荷设计耐用的路面结构，一方面需要深入了解车辆子结构、轮胎和路面内部的高度动态过程，以及超车期间发生的相应相互作用，另一方面需要预测由此对路面产生的长期影响。此外，车辆-轮胎-路面-系统包含许多输入值，如材料特性、气候影响、车辆的载荷和行驶条件，这些输入值不是完全先验的，但本质上影响着耦合系统。因此，为了得出路面损伤的相关影响因素，需要对耦合系统进行非确定性（不确定）建模。这一目标的复杂性只能在研究小组的框架中得到适当的体现。在子项目的第一个项目期间，基于平稳任意拉格朗日欧拉（ALE）公式，开发了单次短期超限时轮胎-路面耦合模型的连续力学宏观和热力学有限元（FE）公式，以及粗糙路面上橡胶摩擦的多尺度模型。除了进一步发展这些子模型外，本项目期间该子项目的一个主要目标是通过时间多尺度分析对路面（车辙）的长期结构行为进行数值有效处理和预测。该模型必须捕捉多次重复的机械对路面的短期影响，以及气候对时间的影响，因为昼夜交替而变化的温度场，以及一年中季节的变化。如此复杂的时间多尺度分析对申请人的知识来说是新的。因此，研究沥青的长期特性以及层间结合必须通过连续力学模型来捕捉，连续力学模型是基于子项目4的实验研究和子项目2的微观沥青模型的数值计算而建立的。进一步的主要目标是发展对路面行为的敏感性和不确定性的深刻理解，相对于不确定的输入值，以及识别最影响路面耐久性的值，作为目标优化的基础。因此，必须建立考虑不确定性的路面模型。关键和新颖之处在于捕捉不确定结果的空间依赖性，因为不确定输入值对结果的影响在路面结构的每个点上都是不同的。

The design of durable pavement constructions for future traffic loads requires on the one hand a deep understanding of the highly dynamic processes inside the substructures of the vehicle, the tire and the pavement as well as of the corresponding interactions occurring during the overrun and on the other hand the prediction of the resulting long-term consequences on the pavement. Further, the vehicle-tire-pavement-system incorporates a lot of input values, e.g. material properties, climatic influences, loading and driving conditions of the vehicles, which are not known exactly a priori but are influencing the coupled system essentially. Thus, a non-deterministic (uncertain) modelling of the coupled system is required in order to derive the relevant influencing factors for pavement damage. The complexity of this goal can only be captured appropriately in the framework of the research group. A numerically efficient continuum mechanical macroscopic and thermo-mechanical finite element (FE) formulation of the coupled tire-pavement interaction model for single short-term overruns based on a stationary Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) formulation as well as a multiscale model of rubber friction on rough pavement surfaces were developed in the first project period of this subproject. Besides the further development of these submodels, one main goal of this subproject in the present project period is the numerically efficient treatment and prediction of the long-term structural behavior of pavements (rutting) by means of a temporal multiscale analysis. The model has to capture the multiple repeated mechanical short-time impacts on the pavement as well as the climatic effects in terms of time dependent varying temperature fields due to day-night alternation as well as the seasons during one year. Such a complex temporal multiscale analysis is new to the knowledge of the applicant. Therefore, the long-term characteristics of the examined asphalts as well as of the layer bond have to be captured by continuum mechanical models, which are developed based on experimental investigations in subproject 4 and numerical computations of the microscale asphalt model in subproject 2. One further main goal is the development of a profound understanding of the sensitivity and uncertainty of the pavement behavior with respect to the uncertain input values as well as the identification of the values that influence the durability of pavements most as base for targeted optimizations. Therefore, a pavement model accounting for uncertainties has to be developed. Essential and new is capturing the spatial dependence of the uncertain results, since the influence of the uncertain input values on the results differs for each point in the pavement structure.