Multi-physical and multi-scale theorectical-numerical modeling of the tire-pavement-interaction

设计耐久的路面结构以适应未来的交通荷载，一方面需要深入了解车辆、轮胎和路面亚结构内部的高度动态过程，以及在超限过程中发生的相应相互作用，另一方面需要对由此对路面造成的长期后果进行预测。此外，车辆-轮胎-路面-系统包含了许多输入值，例如车辆的材料特性、气候影响、负载和驾驶条件，这些不是确切的先验知识，但在本质上影响着耦合系统。因此，为了得到路面损坏的相关影响因素，需要对耦合系统进行非确定性(不确定)建模。这一目标的复杂性只能在研究小组的框架内适当地捕捉到。在这个子项目的第一阶段，建立了基于稳态任意拉格朗日欧拉(ALE)公式的轮胎-路面耦合作用模型的连续介质、力学、宏观和热力有限元(FE)格式，以及粗糙路面上橡胶摩擦的多尺度模型。除了这些子模型的进一步发展外，本项目在本项目期间的一个主要目标是通过时间多尺度分析对路面的长期结构行为(车辙)进行有效的数值处理和预测。该模型必须考虑多次重复的机械短时冲击路面，以及气候效应在昼夜交替和一年中的季节变化中随时间变化的温度场的影响。这种复杂的时间多尺度分析对于申请者来说是新的知识。因此，必须通过基于子项目4的试验研究和子项目2的微尺度沥青模型的数值计算建立的连续介质力学模型来捕捉被检测沥青的长期特性。另一个主要目标是深入了解路面行为对不确定输入值的敏感性和不确定性，以及识别对路面耐久性影响最大的值，作为有针对性的优化的基础。因此，必须建立一个考虑不确定性的路面模型。本质和新的是捕捉不确定结果的空间相关性，因为对于路面结构中的每个点，不确定输入值对结果的影响是不同的。

The design of durable pavement constructions for future traffic loads requires on the one hand a deep understanding of the highly dynamic processes inside the substructures of the vehicle, the tire and the pavement as well as of the corresponding interactions occurring during the overrun and on the other hand the prediction of the resulting long-term consequences on the pavement. Further, the vehicle-tire-pavement-system incorporates a lot of input values, e.g. material properties, climatic influences, loading and driving conditions of the vehicles, which are not known exactly a priori but are influencing the coupled system essentially. Thus, a non-deterministic (uncertain) modelling of the coupled system is required in order to derive the relevant influencing factors for pavement damage. The complexity of this goal can only be captured appropriately in the framework of the research group. A numerically efficient continuum mechanical macroscopic and thermo-mechanical finite element (FE) formulation of the coupled tire-pavement interaction model for single short-term overruns based on a stationary Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) formulation as well as a multiscale model of rubber friction on rough pavement surfaces were developed in the first project period of this subproject. Besides the further development of these submodels, one main goal of this subproject in the present project period is the numerically efficient treatment and prediction of the long-term structural behavior of pavements (rutting) by means of a temporal multiscale analysis. The model has to capture the multiple repeated mechanical short-time impacts on the pavement as well as the climatic effects in terms of time dependent varying temperature fields due to day-night alternation as well as the seasons during one year. Such a complex temporal multiscale analysis is new to the knowledge of the applicant. Therefore, the long-term characteristics of the examined asphalts as well as of the layer bond have to be captured by continuum mechanical models, which are developed based on experimental investigations in subproject 4 and numerical computations of the microscale asphalt model in subproject 2. One further main goal is the development of a profound understanding of the sensitivity and uncertainty of the pavement behavior with respect to the uncertain input values as well as the identification of the values that influence the durability of pavements most as base for targeted optimizations. Therefore, a pavement model accounting for uncertainties has to be developed. Essential and new is capturing the spatial dependence of the uncertain results, since the influence of the uncertain input values on the results differs for each point in the pavement structure.