Differentiation of memory operations along the hippocampal long axis

沿海马长轴的记忆操作分化

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-03637
• 负责人: Poppenk, Jordan
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: Queen's University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=662464
• 关键词: Differentiation; memory; operations; along; hippocampal

Here I propose a cognitive neuroscience research program concerned with the distinct contributions of anterior hippocampus (aHPC) and posterior hippocampus (pHPC) to human cognition. The hippocampus is a brain structure with known importance for long-term memory, navigation, and other functions in humans and animals. In spite of its central importance in cognition, it is not known why, while internal circuitry of the hippocampus is organized in a similar fashion from front to back, only damage to pHPC impacts performance in most memory tests. In part because of this resistance to memory loss, intractable epileptic seizures, in which the hippocampus is implicated, are sometimes treated by removing aHPC but preserving much of pHPC.***While aHPC does not predict the detailed memory typically measured in memory tests, my recent pilot data links it to a different, "fuzzy" memory that may be used to "zoom in" on detailed memories not otherwise accessible. People with larger aHPC appear to have better fuzzy memory, and those with larger pHPC better detail memory. aHPC also predicts traits and abilities in a variety of domains not traditionally associated with memory, such as vestibular processing, navigation, and even personality. To accommodate these varied relationships, I recently proposed an integrative theoretical model of hippocampal function linking, for the first time, the varied known functions of aHPC and pHPC with their distinctive physical compositions and neural connections. The predictions of this model, if confirmed, would greatly advance our understanding of fundamental principles of hippocampal operation. As this brain structure contributes to many domains, this advance would be influential to other researchers studying memory, navigation, emotion, sensation, personality, aging, and many other domains.***The aims of the proposed research program address the nature of memory contributed by aHPC and pHPC; how these may underlie a wide variety of cognitive abilities and traits; what neuroanatomical features of aHPC and pHPC predict memory; and how aHPC and pHPC may interact in normal operation. Two graduate students will receive intensive computational cognitive neuroscience training in this program, incorporating learning of cutting-edge analytic techniques plus development of theoretical expertise. Thirteen undergraduate thesis students will also gain relevant exposure.***Beyond theoretical advances, the work will characterize biomarkers of many traits and abilities in healthy adults. Better knowledge about aHPC and pHPC will also contribute to more informed decisions by epilepsy patients about whether to proceed with neurosurgery, as well as better anticipation of cognitive deficits in stroke patients, and aged or demented patients with hippocampal atrophy. This, in turn, will facilitate implementation of cognitive programs tailored to address these deficits. ********

在这里，我提出了一个认知神经科学研究计划，涉及前海马 (aHPC) 和后海马 (pHPC) 对人类认知的独特贡献。海马体是一种对于人类和动物的长期记忆、导航和其他功能具有重要意义的大脑结构。尽管海马体的内部电路从前到后以类似的方式组织，但在大多数记忆测试中，只有 pHPC 的损坏才会影响表现，但尚不清楚为什么它在认知中具有核心重要性。部分由于这种对记忆丧失的抵抗力，涉及海马体的顽固性癫痫发作有时可以通过去除 aHPC 但保留大部分 pHPC 来治疗。***虽然 aHPC 不能预测通常在记忆测试中测量的详细记忆，但我最近的试验数据将其与不同的“模糊”记忆联系起来，该记忆可用于“放大”无法通过其他方式访问的详细记忆。 aHPC 较大的人似乎有更好的模糊记忆，而 pHPC 较大的人似乎有更好的细节记忆。 aHPC 还可以预测传统上与记忆无关的各种领域的特征和能力，例如前庭处理、导航，甚至个性。为了适应这些不同的关系，我最近提出了一个海马功能的综合理论模型，首次将 aHPC 和 pHPC 的各种已知功能与其独特的物理组成和神经连接联系起来。该模型的预测如果得到证实，将极大地促进我们对海马运作基本原理的理解。由于这种大脑结构对许多领域都有贡献，这一进展将对其他研究记忆、导航、情感、感觉、个性、衰老和许多其他领域的研究人员产生影响。***拟议研究计划的目标是解决 aHPC 和 pHPC 贡献的记忆的本质；这些如何成为各种认知能力和特征的基础； aHPC 和 pHPC 的哪些神经解剖学特征可以预测记忆；以及 aHPC 和 pHPC 在正常操作中如何相互作用。两名研究生将在该项目中接受密集的计算认知神经科学培训，结合尖端分析技术的学习和理论专业知识的发展。十三名本科论文学生也将获得相关知识。***除了理论进步之外，这项工作还将描述健康成年人许多特征和能力的生物标志物。对 aHPC 和 pHPC 的更好了解也将有助于癫痫患者就是否进行神经外科手术做出更明智的决定，以及更好地预测中风患者以及患有海马萎缩的老年或痴呆患者的认知缺陷。反过来，这将有助于实施旨在解决这些缺陷的认知计划。 ******