Differentiation of memory operations along the hippocampal long axis

在这里，我提出了一个认知神经科学的研究计划，前海马（aHPC）和后海马（pHPC）对人类认知的不同贡献。海马体是一种大脑结构，对人类和动物的长期记忆、导航和其他功能具有重要意义。尽管pHPC在认知中具有核心重要性，但尚不清楚为什么海马体的内部电路从前到后以类似的方式组织，只有pHPC的损伤才会影响大多数记忆测试中的表现。部分由于这种对记忆丧失的抵抗力，涉及海马的顽固性癫痫发作有时通过去除aHPC但保留大部分pHPC来治疗。虽然aHPC不能预测通常在内存测试中测量的详细内存，但我最近的试验数据将其与一种不同的“模糊”内存联系起来，这种内存可用于“放大”其他方式无法访问的详细内存。aHPC较大的人似乎有更好的模糊记忆，而pHPC较大的人则有更好的细节记忆。aHPC还预测了传统上与记忆无关的各种领域的特征和能力，如前庭处理，导航，甚至个性。为了适应这些不同的关系，我最近提出了一个整合的海马功能的理论模型链接，第一次，不同的已知功能的aHPC和pHPC与其独特的物理成分和神经连接。这个模型的预测，如果得到证实，将大大推进我们对海马运作基本原理的理解。由于这种大脑结构对许多领域都有贡献，这一进展将对其他研究记忆、导航、情感、感觉、人格、衰老和许多其他领域的研究人员产生影响。拟议的研究计划的目的是解决aHPC和pHPC贡献的记忆的性质;这些可能是各种认知能力和特征的基础; aHPC和pHPC预测记忆的神经解剖学特征;以及aHPC和pHPC如何在正常操作中相互作用。两名研究生将在该计划中接受密集的计算认知神经科学培训，包括尖端分析技术的学习以及理论专业知识的发展。13名本科毕业论文学生也将获得相关的曝光。除了理论上的进步，这项工作还将描述健康成年人许多特征和能力的生物标志物。更好地了解aHPC和pHPC也将有助于癫痫患者更明智地决定是否进行神经外科手术，以及更好地预测中风患者以及伴有海马萎缩的老年或痴呆患者的认知缺陷。反过来，这将有助于实施针对这些缺陷的认知计划。********

Here I propose a cognitive neuroscience research program concerned with the distinct contributions of anterior hippocampus (aHPC) and posterior hippocampus (pHPC) to human cognition. The hippocampus is a brain structure with known importance for long-term memory, navigation, and other functions in humans and animals. In spite of its central importance in cognition, it is not known why, while internal circuitry of the hippocampus is organized in a similar fashion from front to back, only damage to pHPC impacts performance in most memory tests. In part because of this resistance to memory loss, intractable epileptic seizures, in which the hippocampus is implicated, are sometimes treated by removing aHPC but preserving much of pHPC.***While aHPC does not predict the detailed memory typically measured in memory tests, my recent pilot data links it to a different, "fuzzy" memory that may be used to "zoom in" on detailed memories not otherwise accessible. People with larger aHPC appear to have better fuzzy memory, and those with larger pHPC better detail memory. aHPC also predicts traits and abilities in a variety of domains not traditionally associated with memory, such as vestibular processing, navigation, and even personality. To accommodate these varied relationships, I recently proposed an integrative theoretical model of hippocampal function linking, for the first time, the varied known functions of aHPC and pHPC with their distinctive physical compositions and neural connections. The predictions of this model, if confirmed, would greatly advance our understanding of fundamental principles of hippocampal operation. As this brain structure contributes to many domains, this advance would be influential to other researchers studying memory, navigation, emotion, sensation, personality, aging, and many other domains.***The aims of the proposed research program address the nature of memory contributed by aHPC and pHPC; how these may underlie a wide variety of cognitive abilities and traits; what neuroanatomical features of aHPC and pHPC predict memory; and how aHPC and pHPC may interact in normal operation. Two graduate students will receive intensive computational cognitive neuroscience training in this program, incorporating learning of cutting-edge analytic techniques plus development of theoretical expertise. Thirteen undergraduate thesis students will also gain relevant exposure.***Beyond theoretical advances, the work will characterize biomarkers of many traits and abilities in healthy adults. Better knowledge about aHPC and pHPC will also contribute to more informed decisions by epilepsy patients about whether to proceed with neurosurgery, as well as better anticipation of cognitive deficits in stroke patients, and aged or demented patients with hippocampal atrophy. This, in turn, will facilitate implementation of cognitive programs tailored to address these deficits. ********