Differentiation of memory operations along the hippocampal long axis

沿海马长轴的记忆操作分化

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-03637
• 负责人: Poppenk, Jordan
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: Queen's University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=684661
• 关键词: Differentiation; memory; operations; along; hippocampal

Here I propose a cognitive neuroscience research program concerned with the distinct contributions of anterior hippocampus (aHPC) and posterior hippocampus (pHPC) to human cognition. The hippocampus is a brain structure with known importance for long-term memory, navigation, and other functions in humans and animals. In spite of its central importance in cognition, it is not known why, while internal circuitry of the hippocampus is organized in a similar fashion from front to back, only damage to pHPC impacts performance in most memory tests. In part because of this resistance to memory loss, intractable epileptic seizures, in which the hippocampus is implicated, are sometimes treated by removing aHPC but preserving much of pHPC.***While aHPC does not predict the detailed memory typically measured in memory tests, my recent pilot data links it to a different, "fuzzy" memory that may be used to "zoom in" on detailed memories not otherwise accessible. People with larger aHPC appear to have better fuzzy memory, and those with larger pHPC better detail memory. aHPC also predicts traits and abilities in a variety of domains not traditionally associated with memory, such as vestibular processing, navigation, and even personality. To accommodate these varied relationships, I recently proposed an integrative theoretical model of hippocampal function linking, for the first time, the varied known functions of aHPC and pHPC with their distinctive physical compositions and neural connections. The predictions of this model, if confirmed, would greatly advance our understanding of fundamental principles of hippocampal operation. As this brain structure contributes to many domains, this advance would be influential to other researchers studying memory, navigation, emotion, sensation, personality, aging, and many other domains.***The aims of the proposed research program address the nature of memory contributed by aHPC and pHPC; how these may underlie a wide variety of cognitive abilities and traits; what neuroanatomical features of aHPC and pHPC predict memory; and how aHPC and pHPC may interact in normal operation. Two graduate students will receive intensive computational cognitive neuroscience training in this program, incorporating learning of cutting-edge analytic techniques plus development of theoretical expertise. Thirteen undergraduate thesis students will also gain relevant exposure.***Beyond theoretical advances, the work will characterize biomarkers of many traits and abilities in healthy adults. Better knowledge about aHPC and pHPC will also contribute to more informed decisions by epilepsy patients about whether to proceed with neurosurgery, as well as better anticipation of cognitive deficits in stroke patients, and aged or demented patients with hippocampal atrophy. This, in turn, will facilitate implementation of cognitive programs tailored to address these deficits. ********

在这里，我提出了一个认知神经科学研究计划，涉及到前海马区(AHPC)和后海马区(PhPC)对人类认知的不同贡献。海马体是一种大脑结构，对人类和动物的长期记忆、导航和其他功能具有已知的重要性。尽管PHPC在认知中具有重要作用，但目前尚不清楚为什么，尽管海马体的内部电路是以从前到后类似的方式组织起来的，但在大多数记忆测试中，只有PHPC的损伤才会影响表现。部分由于这种对记忆丧失的抵抗，有时可以通过移除HPC但保留大部分PHPC来治疗涉及海马体的顽固性癫痫发作。*虽然HPC无法预测通常在记忆测试中测量的详细记忆，但我最近的试验数据将其与一种不同的“模糊”记忆联系在一起，这种记忆可能被用来“放大”其他方式无法访问的详细记忆。AHPC较大的人似乎有更好的模糊记忆，而PHPC较大的人似乎有更好的细节记忆。AHPC还可以预测传统上与记忆无关的各种领域的特征和能力，如前庭处理、导航，甚至个性。为了适应这些不同的关系，我最近提出了一个海马体功能的综合理论模型，首次将HPC和PHPC的各种已知功能与它们独特的物理组成和神经联系联系起来。这个模型的预测如果得到证实，将极大地促进我们对海马体运作基本原理的理解。由于这种大脑结构对许多领域有贡献，这一进展将对其他研究记忆、导航、情绪、感觉、人格、衰老和许多其他领域的研究人员产生影响。*拟议的研究计划的目的是解决HPC和PHPC贡献的记忆的性质；它们如何构成各种认知能力和特征；HPC和PHPC的哪些神经解剖学特征预测记忆；以及HPC和PHPC在正常操作中如何相互作用。两名研究生将在这个项目中接受密集的计算认知神经科学培训，包括学习尖端分析技术和发展理论专业知识。13名本科生也将获得相关知识。*除了理论上的进步，这项工作还将表征健康成年人的许多特征和能力的生物标记物。更好地了解HPC和PHPC也将有助于癫痫患者更明智地决定是否继续神经外科手术，以及更好地预测中风患者和患有海马区萎缩的老年或痴呆症患者的认知缺陷。这反过来将促进为解决这些缺陷而量身定做的认知计划的实施。********