CAREER: Learning of graph diffusion and transport from high dimensional data with low-dimensional structures

职业：从具有低维结构的高维数据中学习图扩散和传输

• 批准号: 2237842
• 负责人: Xiuyuan Cheng
• 金额: $ 42.38万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2028-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2237842&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Learning; graph; diffusion; transport

Graph-based methods are pivotal tools in big data analysis due to their powerful ability to model data in various fields of science and industry. For high-dimensional data, an affinity graph can be constructed from the data cloud and the graph geometry will recover the implicit low-dimensional structure of the data. Therefore, a graph-based approach has the potential to overcome the curse of dimensionality and provide distribution-free methods for predictive and generative learning tasks. The overarching goal of this project is to develop a theoretical and computational framework for graph-based data analysis that overcomes the curse of dimensionality of high dimensional data by leveraging the underlying low-dimensional geometric structure in the data. The mathematical results can be applied to data visualization and dimension reduction, generative models, general unsupervised learning, and a wide range of real applications, ranging from single-cell sequencing to sensor networks. The project will provide research opportunities and projects that are suitable for graduate and undergraduate students, and results of the project will produce pedagogical materials to be incorporated into data science courses at the undergraduate and graduate levels. The project aims to develop theoretical and computational tools for efficient and accurate graph-based analysis of high-dimensional data that captures the intrinsically low-dimensional, non-linear structures in the data. The research work consists of four integrated topics: (1) learning of graph diffusion with a theoretical guarantee, (2) robust graph affinity for graph-based data analysis, (3) graph-based learning of intrinsic optimal transport in high dimension, and (4) generative model of graph data by gradient flow. Using tools from applied harmonic analysis and high dimensional probability, the project will address several open questions in the field. On the theoretical side, the project will model the implicit low-dimensional structure as data lying on or near hidden manifolds embedded in the high-dimensional space and analyze the convergence of the graph operators in the limit of large samples. On the practical side, the project will develop algorithms with sampling and computational complexities only depending on the intrinsic data dimensionality. The mathematical findings will provide computational tools to analyze data in real world applications, including biomedical and network data.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

基于图的方法因其强大的对科学和工业各个领域的数据进行建模的能力而成为大数据分析的关键工具。对于高维数据，可以从数据云构建亲和图，并且图几何形状将恢复数据的隐式低维结构。因此，基于图的方法有可能克服维数灾难，并为预测和生成学习任务提供无分布的方法。该项目的总体目标是开发基于图的数据分析的理论和计算框架，通过利用数据中潜在的低维几何结构来克服高维数据的维数灾难。数学结果可应用于数据可视化和降维、生成模型、一般无监督学习以及从单细胞测序到传感器网络的广泛实际应用。该项目将提供适合研究生和本科生的研究机会和项目，该项目的成果将产生教学材料，纳入本科生和研究生的数据科学课程。该项目旨在开发理论和计算工具，对高维数据进行高效、准确的基于图形的分析，捕获数据中本质上的低维非线性结构。该研究工作包括四个综合主题：（1）具有理论保证的图扩散学习，（2）基于图的数据分析的鲁棒图亲和力，（3）高维内在最优传输的基于图的学​​习，以及（4）通过梯度流生成图数据的模型。该项目将使用应用调和分析和高维概率工具来解决该领域的几个悬而未决的问题。在理论方面，该项目将隐式低维结构建模为嵌入高维空间中的隐藏流形上或附近的数据，并分析大样本限制下图算子的收敛性。在实践方面，该项目将开发采样和计算复杂性仅取决于内在数据维度的算法。数学发现将提供计算工具来分析现实世界应用中的数据，包括生物医学和网络数据。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。