Development of anammox and anoxic-aerobic granular biomass for advanced wastewater treatment at low temperatures

加拿大的污水处理厂正面临监管压力，要求在现有基础设施范围内以最低的资本成本升级到氮和磷去除。通过实现能源独立和减少碳足迹来降低运营成本也是一个额外的压力。两个新的工艺，可以促进这些目标的主题提出的研究：主流部分硝化/厌氧氨氧化（PN/A）和缺氧好氧颗粒污泥（AGS）。提出了PN/A工艺处理低温、低氨氮、大淡泉流量城市污水的应用方案。该工艺特别适用于具有厌氧污泥消化器的工厂，其中污泥脱水侧流（高温、高氨、低流量）已经在成熟的PN/A工艺中处理，例如在圭尔夫ON或计划中的温尼伯北工厂。在欧盟进行的早期全规模主流PN/A工艺实验证实了该工艺在显著节约能源和化学品方面的潜力，但在一致的制粒和工艺稳定性方面发现了重大的未解决问题。 这项研究（2名博士生和2名理学学士学生）将重点关注在低温和氨环境中改善颗粒状PN/A生物质和生物膜形成，以使该工艺适应城市废水处理条件，并将在温尼伯北工厂进行，其中高浓度温暖的侧流与城市废水一起沿着产生。生物多样性将在混合系统中的颗粒和生物膜之间进行比较，其中附着和悬浮的生物质导致在可变条件下进行工艺优化的标准。将量化从支流到主流PN/A的生物强化。*欧盟开发的AGS工艺以专有的序批式反应器模式使用，处理主流水，资本成本、土地需求和能源使用减少约40%。由于是专有的，加拿大顾问没有设计指南，因为有报告说现有装置存在长期启动问题和脱颗粒问题。AGS工艺从未在连续流中使用。由于加拿大的工厂大多是连续流，本研究旨在开发一种连续流AGS工艺。两名博士和3名理学士学生将专注于在连续模式下诱导肉芽形成的有益压力源，以及开发生物膜形成潜力和生物膜强度的标准程序。此外，将对标准设计参数进行评估，并将其传达给利益相关者，以鼓励在N.美国参考该工作将在温尼伯西部工厂和计划在罗克河IL工厂的好氧颗粒污泥设施进行。* 工程顾问和市政当局正在急切地等待结果，这将有助于在加拿大使用这两种改变范式的技术。********

Wastewater treatment plants in Canada are under regulatory pressure to upgrade to nitrogen and phosphorus removal with minimized capital cost and within existing infrastructure. There is additional stress to lower operational costs by achieving energy independence and decreasing carbon footprint. Two new processes that can facilitate these goals are subject of the proposed research: main stream partial nitrification/anammox (PN/A) and anoxic-aerobic granular sludge (AGS). ***Application of the PN/A process to treat municipal sewage, which has low temperature and low ammonia concentration with large dilute spring flows, is proposed. The process is particularly applicable to plants with anaerobic sludge digesters where sludge dewatering sidestream (high temperature, high ammonia, low flow) is already treated in a well-established PN/A process, such as in Guelph ON or planned Winnipeg North plant. Early full scale mainstream PN/A process experiments in EU confirmed potential of the process for significant energy and chemical savings but revealed significant unsolved problems with consistent granulation and process stability. This research (2 PhD and 2 BSc students) will focus on improvement of granular PN/A biomass and biofilm formation in low temperature and ammonia environments to tailor the process to conditions of municipal wastewater treatment, and will take place at the Winnipeg North plant, where high concentration warm sidestream is generated along with municipal wastewater. Biodiversity will be compared between the granules and biofilm in hybrid systems with attached and suspended biomasses leading to criteria for process optimization under variable conditions. Bio-augmentation from side- to main-stream PN/A will be quantified.***The AGS process developed in EU is used in a proprietary sequencing batch reactor mode, treating mainstream at some 40% reduction of capital costs, land requirements and energy use. Being proprietary, there are no design guidelines available to Canadian consultants amidst reports of prolonged start-up problems and degranulation in existing installations. The AGS process has never been used in continuous flow. As Canadian plants are mostly continuous flow the research aims to develop a continuous flow AGS process. Two PhD and 3 BSc students will focus on beneficial stressors inducing granulation in continuous mode as well as developing standard procedures for biofilm formation potential and biofilm strength. Further, standard design parameters will be evaluated and communicated to stakeholders in order to encourage the proliferation of AGS in N. America. The work will be conducted at the Winnipeg West plant and the planned Aerobic Granular Sludge Facility at Rock River IL plant. ***Engineering consultants and municipalities are eagerly waiting for results which should facilitate the use of these two paradigm-changing technologies in Canada. ********