Mapping spatial and temporal dynamics of ecosystem services interactions

绘制生态系统服务相互作用的时空动态图

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-06343
• 负责人: Bennett, Elena
• 金额: $ 4.01万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=690591
• 关键词: Mapping; spatial; temporal; dynamics; ecosystem

***Ecosystem services (ES), the benefits that humans obtain from nature, are an increasingly important tool for environmental decision-making. ES science can lead to better management by enabling communities to undertake multifunctional planning with models that can forecast how changes in land use or management will affect the provision of multiple ES. But the promise of ES science has not been fully realized, in part due to limited empirical studies of ES interactions. In particular, current science on ES interactions tends to focus on one temporal and spatial scale at a time, an approach that overlooks the system dynamics that could elucidate the mechanisms behind ES interactions. A better understanding of the mechanisms behind ES interactions could help mangers enhance synergies and avoid tradeoffs. Thus, scientists have called for increased attention to multiple ES, and especially to studies across multiple temporal and spatial scales that can elucidate the mechanisms behind ES interactions. Research in my lab is centered on understanding the ecological mechanisms that underlie the provision of multiple ES and their interactions, primarily in agricultural landscapes. My research program focuses especially on enhancing methods for mapping and modelling ES interactions to ensure that they better reflect the nonlinearities, feedbacks, and legacies that are key features of the complex systems that provide ES. Over the next five years, my team and I will explore how ES can be better understood as the products of systems that are dynamic in both space and time, how models can be improved to reflect this knowledge, and what these more dynamic models of ES can tell us about planning for the long-term the resilience and sustainability of ecosystems. We will do this through three interlocking initiatives: (1) a global analysis of common ES interactions in the anthropogenic biomes of the world, (2) a multi-scale analysis of ES interactions in the Montérégie, a local system well-known to our lab; (3) an exploration of the role of temporal dynamics, time lags, and legacies in the provision of ES over 100 years of land use and management change in the Montérégie. ******Communities across Canada and around the world are struggling with resource management questions, especially in working landscapes such agricultural regions. Unfortunately, we are making key decisions in the absence of the information we need to effectively maintain provision of multiple, highly desirable ES across space and through time. The work that I am proposing to undertake in my research program has the potential help answer fundamental questions about management of natural resources now and in the future. Together, time, space, and feedbacks among system components are the unexplored areas of ES research; they hold the key to managing ecosystems for sustainability. ***********

*生态系统服务(ES)是人类从自然中获得的利益，对于环境决策来说是一个越来越重要的工具。生态系统科学可以通过使社区进行多功能规划来实现更好的管理，这些模型可以预测土地使用或管理的变化将如何影响多个生态系统的提供。但ES科学的前景尚未完全实现，部分原因是对ES相互作用的实证研究有限。特别是，当前关于ES相互作用的科学倾向于一次只关注一个时间和空间尺度，这种方法忽视了可以解释ES相互作用背后的机制的系统动力学。更好地理解ES相互作用背后的机制可以帮助管理者增强协同效应并避免权衡。因此，科学家们呼吁更多地关注多个ES，特别是跨时间和空间尺度的研究，以阐明ES相互作用的机制。我实验室的研究集中在了解提供多个ES及其相互作用的生态机制，主要是在农业景观中。我的研究计划特别侧重于增强映射和建模ES交互作用的方法，以确保它们更好地反映非线性、反馈和遗留问题，这些都是提供ES的复杂系统的关键特征。在接下来的五年里，我和我的团队将探索如何更好地将生态系统理解为在空间和时间上都是动态的系统的产物，如何改进模型以反映这种知识，以及这些更动态的生态系统模型可以为我们提供什么关于生态系统的长期规划和弹性和可持续性的信息。我们将通过三个相互关联的举措来做到这一点：(1)对世界人类生物群落中常见的生态系统相互作用进行全球分析；(2)对我们实验室熟知的本地系统--蒙特雷吉的生态系统相互作用进行多尺度分析；(3)探索时间动力学、时间滞后和遗产在提供生态系统方面的作用；(3)探索在蒙特雷吉地区100多年的土地利用和管理变化中提供生态系统的作用。*加拿大和世界各地的社区都在为资源管理问题而苦苦挣扎，特别是在农业地区等工作场所。不幸的是，我们在缺乏有效维持跨空间和跨时间提供多个非常可取的ES所需的信息的情况下做出了关键决定。我在我的研究计划中提议进行的工作可能有助于回答现在和未来有关自然资源管理的基本问题。总而言之，时间、空间和系统组件之间的反馈是ES研究中尚未探索的领域；它们掌握着管理生态系统以实现可持续性的关键。***********