Mapping spatial and temporal dynamics of ecosystem services interactions

生态系统服务是人类从自然界获得的利益，是环境决策的重要工具。环境服务科学可以通过使社区能够利用模型进行多功能规划来实现更好的管理，这些模型可以预测土地使用或管理的变化将如何影响多种环境服务的提供。但ES科学的承诺尚未完全实现，部分原因是ES相互作用的经验研究有限。特别是，目前的科学ES相互作用往往集中在一个时间和空间尺度上的时间，一种方法，忽略了系统动力学，可以阐明ES相互作用背后的机制。更好地理解环境服务相互作用背后的机制可以帮助管理者增强协同作用，避免权衡。因此，科学家们呼吁更多地关注多种ES，特别是跨多个时间和空间尺度的研究，以阐明ES相互作用背后的机制。在我的实验室的研究是集中在理解的生态机制，提供多种ES及其相互作用，主要是在农业景观。我的研究计划特别侧重于增强方法映射和建模ES相互作用，以确保它们更好地反映非线性，反馈和遗产，这些都是提供ES的复杂系统的关键特征。在接下来的五年里，我和我的团队将探索如何更好地将生态系统理解为在空间和时间上都是动态的系统的产物，如何改进模型以反映这些知识，以及这些更具动态性的生态系统模型可以告诉我们关于生态系统的长期规划的弹性和可持续性。我们将通过三个相互关联的举措来做到这一点：（1）对世界人类生物群落中常见ES相互作用的全球分析，（2）对Montérégie中ES相互作用的多尺度分析，Montérégie是我们实验室熟知的地方系统;（3）探讨时间动态、时间滞后、以及Montérégie地区100多年来土地使用和管理变化中提供ES的遗产。 加拿大和世界各地的社区都在努力解决资源管理问题，特别是在农业地区等工作景观中。不幸的是，我们在缺乏信息的情况下做出关键决策，而这些信息是我们在空间和时间上有效地维持多个高度期望的ES的提供所需的。我建议在我的研究计划中进行的工作有可能帮助回答现在和未来自然资源管理的基本问题。总之，时间，空间和系统组件之间的反馈是ES研究的未开发领域;它们是管理生态系统可持续性的关键。

Ecosystem services (ES), the benefits that humans obtain from nature, are an increasingly important tool for environmental decision-making. ES science can lead to better management by enabling communities to undertake multifunctional planning with models that can forecast how changes in land use or management will affect the provision of multiple ES. But the promise of ES science has not been fully realized, in part due to limited empirical studies of ES interactions. In particular, current science on ES interactions tends to focus on one temporal and spatial scale at a time, an approach that overlooks the system dynamics that could elucidate the mechanisms behind ES interactions. A better understanding of the mechanisms behind ES interactions could help mangers enhance synergies and avoid tradeoffs. Thus, scientists have called for increased attention to multiple ES, and especially to studies across multiple temporal and spatial scales that can elucidate the mechanisms behind ES interactions. Research in my lab is centered on understanding the ecological mechanisms that underlie the provision of multiple ES and their interactions, primarily in agricultural landscapes. My research program focuses especially on enhancing methods for mapping and modelling ES interactions to ensure that they better reflect the nonlinearities, feedbacks, and legacies that are key features of the complex systems that provide ES. Over the next five years, my team and I will explore how ES can be better understood as the products of systems that are dynamic in both space and time, how models can be improved to reflect this knowledge, and what these more dynamic models of ES can tell us about planning for the long-term the resilience and sustainability of ecosystems. We will do this through three interlocking initiatives: (1) a global analysis of common ES interactions in the anthropogenic biomes of the world, (2) a multi-scale analysis of ES interactions in the Montérégie, a local system well-known to our lab; (3) an exploration of the role of temporal dynamics, time lags, and legacies in the provision of ES over 100 years of land use and management change in the Montérégie. Communities across Canada and around the world are struggling with resource management questions, especially in working landscapes such agricultural regions. Unfortunately, we are making key decisions in the absence of the information we need to effectively maintain provision of multiple, highly desirable ES across space and through time. The work that I am proposing to undertake in my research program has the potential help answer fundamental questions about management of natural resources now and in the future. Together, time, space, and feedbacks among system components are the unexplored areas of ES research; they hold the key to managing ecosystems for sustainability.