Mapping spatial and temporal dynamics of ecosystem services interactions

生态系统服务（ES）是人类从自然中获得的利益，是环境决策的一个日益重要的工具。生态系统科学可以通过使社区能够利用能够预测土地利用或管理的变化将如何影响多种生态系统的提供的模型进行多功能规划，从而导致更好的管理。但是，由于对ES相互作用的实证研究有限，ES科学的前景尚未完全实现。特别是，目前关于ES相互作用的科学往往集中在一个时间和空间尺度上，这种方法忽略了可以阐明ES相互作用背后机制的系统动力学。更好地理解ES交互背后的机制可以帮助管理者增强协同效应，避免权衡。因此，科学家们呼吁增加对多重ES的关注，特别是跨时间和空间尺度的研究，以阐明ES相互作用背后的机制。我实验室的研究主要集中在了解多种生态系统及其相互作用的生态机制，主要是在农业景观中。我的研究计划特别侧重于增强映射和建模ES相互作用的方法，以确保它们更好地反映非线性、反馈和遗留问题，这些都是提供ES的复杂系统的关键特征。在接下来的五年里，我和我的团队将探索如何更好地将生态系统理解为在空间和时间上都是动态的系统的产物，如何改进模型以反映这一知识，以及这些更动态的生态系统模型可以告诉我们什么关于生态系统的长期规划，弹性和可持续性。我们将通过三个相互关联的举措来实现这一目标：(1)对全球人类生物群系中常见的ES相互作用进行全球分析；(2)对我们实验室熟知的当地系统蒙塔姆斯（montsamri）中的ES相互作用进行多尺度分析；(3)探讨了蒙塔姆地区100多年来土地利用和管理变化对ES提供的时间动态、时间滞后和遗产的影响。加拿大和世界各地的社区都在努力解决资源管理问题，特别是在农业等工作区域。不幸的是，我们在做出关键决策时缺乏所需的信息，无法有效地维持跨空间和时间提供多个非常理想的ES。我提议在我的研究项目中进行的工作有可能帮助回答关于现在和将来自然资源管理的基本问题。总之，时间、空间和系统组件之间的反馈是ES研究中尚未探索的领域；它们是管理生态系统以实现可持续性的关键。

Ecosystem services (ES), the benefits that humans obtain from nature, are an increasingly important tool for environmental decision-making. ES science can lead to better management by enabling communities to undertake multifunctional planning with models that can forecast how changes in land use or management will affect the provision of multiple ES. But the promise of ES science has not been fully realized, in part due to limited empirical studies of ES interactions. In particular, current science on ES interactions tends to focus on one temporal and spatial scale at a time, an approach that overlooks the system dynamics that could elucidate the mechanisms behind ES interactions. A better understanding of the mechanisms behind ES interactions could help mangers enhance synergies and avoid tradeoffs. Thus, scientists have called for increased attention to multiple ES, and especially to studies across multiple temporal and spatial scales that can elucidate the mechanisms behind ES interactions. Research in my lab is centered on understanding the ecological mechanisms that underlie the provision of multiple ES and their interactions, primarily in agricultural landscapes. My research program focuses especially on enhancing methods for mapping and modelling ES interactions to ensure that they better reflect the nonlinearities, feedbacks, and legacies that are key features of the complex systems that provide ES. Over the next five years, my team and I will explore how ES can be better understood as the products of systems that are dynamic in both space and time, how models can be improved to reflect this knowledge, and what these more dynamic models of ES can tell us about planning for the long-term the resilience and sustainability of ecosystems. We will do this through three interlocking initiatives: (1) a global analysis of common ES interactions in the anthropogenic biomes of the world, (2) a multi-scale analysis of ES interactions in the Montérégie, a local system well-known to our lab; (3) an exploration of the role of temporal dynamics, time lags, and legacies in the provision of ES over 100 years of land use and management change in the Montérégie. Communities across Canada and around the world are struggling with resource management questions, especially in working landscapes such agricultural regions. Unfortunately, we are making key decisions in the absence of the information we need to effectively maintain provision of multiple, highly desirable ES across space and through time. The work that I am proposing to undertake in my research program has the potential help answer fundamental questions about management of natural resources now and in the future. Together, time, space, and feedbacks among system components are the unexplored areas of ES research; they hold the key to managing ecosystems for sustainability.