Mapping spatial and temporal dynamics of ecosystem services interactions

绘制生态系统服务相互作用的时空动态图

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-06343
• 负责人: Bennett, Elena
• 金额: $ 4.01万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=716005
• 关键词: Mapping; spatial; temporal; dynamics; ecosystem

Ecosystem services (ES), the benefits that humans obtain from nature, are an increasingly important tool for environmental decision-making. ES science can lead to better management by enabling communities to undertake multifunctional planning with models that can forecast how changes in land use or management will affect the provision of multiple ES. But the promise of ES science has not been fully realized, in part due to limited empirical studies of ES interactions. In particular, current science on ES interactions tends to focus on one temporal and spatial scale at a time, an approach that overlooks the system dynamics that could elucidate the mechanisms behind ES interactions. A better understanding of the mechanisms behind ES interactions could help mangers enhance synergies and avoid tradeoffs. Thus, scientists have called for increased attention to multiple ES, and especially to studies across multiple temporal and spatial scales that can elucidate the mechanisms behind ES interactions. Research in my lab is centered on understanding the ecological mechanisms that underlie the provision of multiple ES and their interactions, primarily in agricultural landscapes. My research program focuses especially on enhancing methods for mapping and modelling ES interactions to ensure that they better reflect the nonlinearities, feedbacks, and legacies that are key features of the complex systems that provide ES. Over the next five years, my team and I will explore how ES can be better understood as the products of systems that are dynamic in both space and time, how models can be improved to reflect this knowledge, and what these more dynamic models of ES can tell us about planning for the long-term the resilience and sustainability of ecosystems. We will do this through three interlocking initiatives: (1) a global analysis of common ES interactions in the anthropogenic biomes of the world, (2) a multi-scale analysis of ES interactions in the Montérégie, a local system well-known to our lab; (3) an exploration of the role of temporal dynamics, time lags, and legacies in the provision of ES over 100 years of land use and management change in the Montérégie. Communities across Canada and around the world are struggling with resource management questions, especially in working landscapes such agricultural regions. Unfortunately, we are making key decisions in the absence of the information we need to effectively maintain provision of multiple, highly desirable ES across space and through time. The work that I am proposing to undertake in my research program has the potential help answer fundamental questions about management of natural resources now and in the future. Together, time, space, and feedbacks among system components are the unexplored areas of ES research; they hold the key to managing ecosystems for sustainability.

生态系统服务（ES）是人类从大自然中获得的利益，是环境决策中越来越重要的工具。 ES科学可以通过使社区能够利用模型进行多功能规划来实现更好的管理，这些模型可以预测土地利用或管理的变化将如何影响多种ES的提供。但 ES 科学的前景尚未完全实现，部分原因是 ES 相互作用的实证研究有限。特别是，当前关于 ES 相互作用的科学往往一次集中于一个时间和空间尺度，这种方法忽视了可以阐明 ES 相互作用背后机制的系统动力学。更好地理解 ES 交互背后的机制可以帮助管理者增强协同效应并避免权衡。因此，科学家呼吁更多地关注多种 ES，特别是跨多个时间和空间尺度的研究，以阐明 ES 相互作用背后的机制。我实验室的研究重点是了解多种 ES 的提供及其相互作用的生态机制，主要是在农业景观中。我的研究项目特别关注增强 ES 相互作用的映射和建模方法，以确保它们更好地反映非线性、反馈和遗留问题，这些是提供 ES 的复杂系统的关键特征。在接下来的五年中，我和我的团队将探索如何更好地将 ES 理解为在空间和时间上动态的系统的产物，如何改进模型以反映这些知识，以及这些更动态的 ES 模型可以告诉我们如何规划生态系统的长期弹性和可持续性。我们将通过三个相互关联的举措来实现这一目标：(1) 对世界人类生物群落中常见的 ES 相互作用进行全球分析，(2) 对 Montérégie（我们实验室熟知的当地系统）中的 ES 相互作用进行多尺度分析； (3) 探索蒙特雷吉 100 年来土地利用和管理变化中时间动态、时滞和遗产在提供 ES 方面的作用。 加拿大和世界各地的社区都在努力解决资源管理问题，特别是在农业地区等工作环境中。不幸的是，我们在缺乏有效维持跨空间和跨时间提供多种、非常理想的 ES 所需的信息的情况下做出了关键决策。我提议在我的研究项目中进行的工作有可能有助于回答有关现在和未来自然资源管理的基本问题。时间、空间和系统组件之间的反馈是 ES 研究尚未探索的领域。它们掌握着管理生态系统实现可持续发展的关键。