An integrative approach to stress physiology in fish

鱼类应激生理学的综合方法

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-05487
• 负责人: Gilmour, Kathleen
• 金额: $ 4.23万
• 依托单位: University of Ottawa
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=690749
• 关键词: integrative; approach; stress; physiology; fish

The long-term objective of my research program is to understand the physiology of stress in fish. Most animals, including fish, regularly face environmental challenges that threaten their homeostasis. The initiation of a coordinated suite of behavioural, neuroendocrine and cellular events, collectively termed a stress response, allows the animal to respond to such stressors. Despite the importance of stress responses to the survival and fitness of individuals and populations, our knowledge of how they are regulated and integrated with other physiological systems remains limited, particularly during chronic stress. Moreover, the field of stress physiology is becoming more complex as evidence accrues for early life adversity and intergenerational effects of stress in shaping the stress physiology and behaviour of the next generation.*** The proposed research will use chronic social stress and exposure to acid-base challenges to probe the physiology of stress in rainbow trout and zebrafish. Juvenile salmonid fish establish social hierarchies in which individuals of higher rank profit (e.g. grow better) at the expense of lower-ranking fish. Low growth rates reflect anorexia and remodelling of liver metabolism, and we will identify the regulatory pathways responsible for these effects. Subordinate fish also experience persistent elevation of the stress hormone cortisol, triggered by the presence of the dominant fish. These high cortisol levels disrupt stress axis function, and we will analyze the mechanisms underlying this dysregulation. Because cortisol is both a stress hormone and a regulator of salt, water and acid-base balance in fish, we will study cross-talk between these two functions in the early development of zebrafish, aiming to understand how early life adversity shapes responses to stressors and acid-base challenges later in life. We also aim to identify the mechanisms through which fish sense acid-base challenges and initiate appropriate compensatory responses.*** Collectively, the proposed research will advance our fundamental knowledge of the physiology of stress in fish. Fish can be subjected to multiple stressors both in the natural environment (e.g. angling, environmental pollutants, climate change) and in aquaculture settings (e.g. high holding density, handling, social interactions). Understanding how fish respond to these multiple stressors is critical to improving the management of both wild and aquaculture species.

我的研究计划的长期目标是了解鱼类的应激生理学。大多数动物，包括鱼类，经常面临威胁其体内平衡的环境挑战。一套协调的行为，神经内分泌和细胞事件的启动，统称为应激反应，允许动物对这种应激源作出反应。 尽管压力反应对个体和群体的生存和健康至关重要，但我们对它们如何被调节并与其他生理系统整合的知识仍然有限，特别是在慢性压力期间。此外，压力生理学领域正变得越来越复杂，因为有证据表明，早期生活逆境和压力的代际效应会影响下一代的压力生理学和行为。 这项拟议中的研究将利用慢性社会压力和暴露于酸碱挑战来探索虹鳟鱼和斑马鱼的压力生理学。幼鲑建立了社会等级制度，其中较高等级的个体以较低等级的鱼类为代价获得利润（例如生长得更好）。低生长率反映了厌食症和肝脏代谢的重塑，我们将确定这些影响的调控途径。从属鱼也经历持续的应激激素皮质醇的升高，由主导鱼的存在引发。这些高皮质醇水平扰乱了应激轴功能，我们将分析这种失调的机制。由于皮质醇既是一种应激激素，也是鱼类体内盐、水和酸碱平衡的调节剂，我们将研究斑马鱼早期发育中这两种功能之间的相互作用，旨在了解早期生活逆境如何塑造对应激源和后期生活中酸碱挑战的反应。我们还旨在确定鱼类感知酸碱挑战并启动适当补偿反应的机制。 总的来说，拟议的研究将推进我们对鱼类应激生理学的基础知识。鱼类在自然环境（如钓鱼、环境污染物、气候变化）和水产养殖环境（如高养殖密度、处理、社会互动）中都可能受到多种压力。了解鱼类如何应对这些多重压力对于改善野生和水产养殖物种的管理至关重要。