An integrated approach to stress in fish: behaviour, molecular biology and physiology

鱼类应激的综合方法：行为、分子生物学和生理学

• 批准号: 217440-2006
• 负责人: Gilmour, Kathleen
• 金额: $ 3.32万
• 依托单位: University of Ottawa
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2008-01-01 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=393257
• 关键词: integrated; approach; stress; fish; behaviour

The long-term objectives of my research program focus on integrating physiology and behaviour in fish, and on understanding piscine strategies for gas transfer and acid-base regulation.  While these two objectives appear superficially to be quite disparate, they are in fact linked by such unifying themes as stress responses, cortisol, acid-base and ionic regulation, the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA), and CO2 excretion.      In terms of integrating physiology and behaviour, we use social hierarchies in rainbow trout to examine the physiological causes and consequences of social status.  Building on recent progress in this area, in which we have focused on the immediate physiological costs of low social status, including growth depression, reduced tolerance of low O2 and the impact of chronic social stress on acute stress responses, I now propose to identify the physiological mechanisms underlying socially-induced growth depression and investigate the impact of low social status on ionic regulation and acid-base balance.  The aim of this work is to improve our understanding of the physiological mechanisms underpinning behaviour, but the information gained can also be important in an applied setting, for example in predicting the impact of pollutants on fish populations, or in designing effective animal husbandry practices for aquaculture.    With respect to the long-term goal of understanding strategies for gas transfer and acid-base regulation in fish, I aim to build on our recent progress in identifying the molecular structure and function of fish CAs.  CA is a near-ubiquitous enzyme that catalyzes CO2 reactions and hence contributes to physiological processes ranging from CO2 excretion and acid-base balance to metabolism.  I propose to explore the physiological roles of a group of CA isoforms that we cloned from lungfish, to examine the regulation of CA expression during acid-base disturbances, and to identify hypoxia-inducible CA isoforms in zebrafish.  By generating new information on CA isoforms in fish and their functions, this work will increase our understanding both of gas transfer and acid-base regulation in fish, and of the evolution of the CA gene family in vertebrates.

我的研究计划的长期目标集中在整合鱼类的生理学和行为，并了解鱼类的气体转移和酸碱调节策略，虽然这两个目标表面上看起来是完全不同的，但实际上它们是由应激反应，皮质醇，酸碱和离子调节，碳酸酐酶（CA）和CO2排泄等统一的主题联系在一起的。 在整合生理和行为方面，我们使用虹鳟鱼的社会等级来研究社会地位的生理原因和后果。在这一领域的最新进展的基础上，我们专注于低社会地位的直接生理成本，包括生长抑制，对低氧的耐受性降低以及慢性社会压力对急性压力反应的影响，现在，我建议确定社会诱导的生长抑制的生理机制，并调查低社会地位对离子调节和酸碱平衡的影响。这项工作的目的是提高我们对行为基础的生理机制的理解，但所获得的信息在应用环境中也很重要，例如，预测污染物对鱼类种群的影响，或为水产养殖设计有效的畜牧业做法。 关于了解鱼类气体转移和酸碱调节策略的长期目标，我的目标是建立在我们最近的进展，确定分子结构和功能的鱼类CA。CA是一种几乎无处不在的酶，催化CO2反应，因此有助于生理过程，从CO2排泄和酸-碱平衡代谢。我建议探索一组CA亚型，我们克隆肺鱼的生理作用，检查CA表达的调节在酸碱紊乱，通过对鱼类CA异构体及其功能的研究，将有助于我们进一步了解鱼类的气体传递和酸碱调节，以及脊椎动物CA基因家族的进化。