An integrative approach to stress physiology in fish

鱼类应激生理学的综合方法

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-05487
• 负责人: Gilmour, Kathleen
• 金额: $ 8.45万
• 依托单位: University of Ottawa
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=745568
• 关键词: integrative; approach; stress; physiology; fish

The long-term objective of my research program is to understand the physiology of stress in fish. Most animals, including fish, regularly face environmental challenges that threaten their homeostasis. The initiation of a coordinated suite of behavioural, neuroendocrine and cellular events, collectively termed a stress response, allows the animal to respond to such stressors. Despite the importance of stress responses to the survival and fitness of individuals and populations, our knowledge of how they are regulated and integrated with other physiological systems remains limited, particularly during chronic stress. Moreover, the field of stress physiology is becoming more complex as evidence accrues for early life adversity and intergenerational effects of stress in shaping the stress physiology and behaviour of the next generation. The proposed research will use chronic social stress and exposure to acid-base challenges to probe the physiology of stress in rainbow trout and zebrafish. Juvenile salmonid fish establish social hierarchies in which individuals of higher rank profit (e.g. grow better) at the expense of lower-ranking fish. Low growth rates reflect anorexia and remodelling of liver metabolism, and we will identify the regulatory pathways responsible for these effects. Subordinate fish also experience persistent elevation of the stress hormone cortisol, triggered by the presence of the dominant fish. These high cortisol levels disrupt stress axis function, and we will analyze the mechanisms underlying this dysregulation. Because cortisol is both a stress hormone and a regulator of salt, water and acid-base balance in fish, we will study cross-talk between these two functions in the early development of zebrafish, aiming to understand how early life adversity shapes responses to stressors and acid-base challenges later in life. We also aim to identify the mechanisms through which fish sense acid-base challenges and initiate appropriate compensatory responses. Collectively, the proposed research will advance our fundamental knowledge of the physiology of stress in fish. Fish can be subjected to multiple stressors both in the natural environment (e.g. angling, environmental pollutants, climate change) and in aquaculture settings (e.g. high holding density, handling, social interactions). Understanding how fish respond to these multiple stressors is critical to improving the management of both wild and aquaculture species.

我的研究计划的长期目标是了解鱼的应激生理学。包括鱼类在内的大多数动物经常面临威胁其动态平衡的环境挑战。启动一系列协调的行为、神经内分泌和细胞事件，统称为应激反应，使动物能够对这些应激源做出反应。尽管压力反应对个体和群体的生存和健康非常重要，但我们对压力反应如何调节以及如何与其他生理系统整合的了解仍然有限，特别是在慢性压力期间。此外，随着早期生活逆境和压力在塑造下一代压力生理和行为方面的代际影响的证据的积累，压力生理学领域正变得更加复杂。这项拟议的研究将使用慢性社会压力和暴露在酸碱挑战中来探索虹鱼和斑马鱼压力的生理学。鲑鱼幼鱼建立社会等级，在这种等级中，较高等级的个体以牺牲较低等级的鱼为代价获利(例如，生长得更好)。低增长率反映了厌食症和肝脏代谢的重塑，我们将确定导致这些影响的调控途径。从属鱼类也会经历应激激素皮质醇的持续升高，这是由优势鱼类的存在引发的。这些高皮质醇水平扰乱了应力轴的功能，我们将分析这种失调的机制。由于皮质醇既是一种应激激素，也是鱼体内盐分、水和酸碱平衡的调节器，我们将研究斑马鱼早期发育过程中这两种功能之间的相互作用，旨在了解早期生活逆境如何塑造对压力源和以后生活中酸碱挑战的反应。我们还旨在确定鱼类感知酸碱挑战并启动适当的补偿反应的机制。总的来说，这项拟议的研究将促进我们对鱼类应激生理学的基础知识。鱼类在自然环境(如垂钓、环境污染物、气候变化)和水产养殖环境(如高饲养密度、处理、社会互动)中都会受到多种压力。了解鱼类如何对这些多重应激源做出反应，对于改善野生和水产养殖物种的管理至关重要。