Applied Catalysis Research for Renewable Diesel Production and Glycerol Utilization

可再生柴油生产和甘油利用的应用催化研究

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-04629
• 负责人: Dalai, Ajay
• 金额: $ 5.46万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=691771
• 关键词: Applied; Catalysis; Research; Renewable; Diesel

About three quarters of the world's primary energy consumption is linked to fossil-based energy resources such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas. Decreasing crude-oil reserves, increased production costs and worldwide demand for fuel have, however, increased climate concerns associated with the use of fossil fuels and encouraged Governments to shift the focus towards the improved use of renewable energy resources such as biomass. Biomass refers to carbon-neutral renewable energy resources that can be used to produce renewable diesel and valuable green' chemicals. Canada currently produces over 700 million liters (ML)/year of biodiesel and over 70 ML of glycerol, and has the resources to produce >1.3 billion liters/year of biodiesel. While chemical processes are available to derive biofuels from inexpensive and abundant nonfood biomass, significant production and technological challenges remain. The key to improving the vegetable oil conversion to biodiesel and making it more economical and viable is better catalyst performance. The first proposed research project will investigate efficient biodiesel production catalytically from microalgae, fryer grease, and low quality vegetable oils derived from canola, mustard oil, and soya oil. Novel mesoporous zeolites including MAS-7 and MAS-9 supported tungstophosporic acid will be developed for this process. These solid acids can handle both triglycerides and free fatty acids present in low quality oils. The usage of solid acids eliminates water use and reduce the operating costs of biodiesel production. Cost can be further reduced by using glycerol to produce biochemicals such as glycerol ethers and carbonates. Glycerol ethers will be produced catalytically from the etherification of glycerol with an alcohol. Glycerol carbonate will be produced through carbonylation reaction using solid catalysts. The second proposed research project will develop Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) technology with supported Fe and Co catalysts for converting syngas to transportation fuel. The diesel produced via FTS is of superior quality with no sulfur, nitrogen or aromatic pollutants. Pt supported and mixed oxides will be developed for hydrocracking of the FTS wax followed by isomerization for jet fuel fraction. Multifunctional nano Mo particles promoted with alkali and supported on carbon materials and mesoporous Al2O3 and ZrO2 and mixed oxides will be created for higher alcohol synthesis. The research will attempt to create and characterize novel catalysts, correlate their properties with their reactivity, and test their sensitivities to feed gas variabilities and produced water. The catalyst life, reaction mechanism and kinetics will be evaluated. Life cycle analyses and the process economics studies will be conducted to identify the catalysts and process conditions most suitable for renewable diesel production and glycerol utilization.

全球主要能源消耗的大约四分之三与石油，煤炭和天然气等化石能源有关。然而，减少原油储备，增加的生产成本和全球对燃料的需求增加了与使用化石燃料相关的气候问题，并鼓励政府将重点转移到改善使用可再生能源资源（如生物量）的情况下。生物质是指可用的可再生能源，可用于生产可再生柴油和有价值的绿色化学品。加拿大目前生产超过7亿升（ML）/年生物柴油和70毫升的甘油，并拥有生产> 13亿升/年生物柴油的资源。尽管化学过程可用于从廉价且丰富的非食品生物量中获得生物燃料，但仍然存在重大的生产和技术挑战。改善植物油转化为生物柴油并使其更经济和可行的关键是催化剂的性能。第一个提议的研究项目将从微藻，炸油油脂和低品质的植物油中催化地研究有效的生物柴油生产，这些植物油是菜籽油，芥末油和大豆油。为此过程，将开发新的介孔沸石，包括MAS-7和MAS-9支持的钨孢子酸。这些固体酸可以处理甘油三酸酯和低品质油中存在的游离脂肪酸。使用固体酸可以消除用水并降低生物柴油生产的运营成本。通过使用甘油生产甘油醚和碳酸盐等生化物质，可以进一步降低成本。甘油醚将通过酒精的甘油醚化而催化产生。碳酸盐将通过使用固体催化剂通过羰基化反应产生。第二个拟议的研究项目将开发Fischer-Tropsch合成（FTS）技术，并具有支持的FE和CO催化剂，用于将Syngas转换为运输燃料。通过FTS生产的柴油的质量高，没有硫，氮或芳香族污染物。将开发支持PT的PT和混合氧化物，用于对FTS蜡的加氢裂缝，然后是喷射燃料分数的异构化。用碱促进的多功能纳米MO颗粒将创建用于较高酒精合成的碳材料和介孔AL2O3和ZRO2和混合氧化物。该研究将尝试创建和表征新型催化剂，将其特性与反应性相关联，并测试其敏感性对供应气体变化和产生水的敏感性。将评估催化剂寿命，反应机制和动力学。将进行生命周期分析和过程经济学研究，以确定最适合可再生柴油生产和甘油利用的催化剂和过程条件。