Bioactives generated from in vitro gut microbial metabolism of cannabinoid extract containing oil: effects on the microbiome, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects

大麻素，特别是大麻二酚（CBD）因其抗炎和抗癌潜力而引起了相当大的兴趣。然而，迄今为止，大多数研究都是基于体外和动物研究。迄今为止进行的体外研究尚未考虑到消化和人体肠道微生物组在大麻素生物转化中的作用，这是大麻素及其代谢物到达目标组织之前发生的关键步骤。众所周知，微生物组在介导或调节摄入化合物的作用中起着核心作用，并在很大程度上参与局部和全身效应，包括炎症。动物研究可以提供有用的见解，但在将其转化为人类方面受到限制，部分原因是啮齿动物和人类肠道微生物群之间存在固有差异。本研究将通过研究大麻素及其代谢物在肠细胞中的抗炎和抗癌作用来解决这些局限性，在它们受到涉及微生物生物转化的模拟人类肠道消化模型之后。此外，该研究将探索摄入大麻素对肠道微生物谱的影响，并表征富含大麻素的油对微生物群产生的大麻素和其他代谢物的反应。

Cannabinoids, particularly cannabidiol (CBD) have garnered considerable interest in terms of their anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential. However, most research to date has been based on in vitro and animal studies. In vitro studies conducted so far have not taken into consideration the role of digestion and the human gut microbiome in the biotransformation of cannabinoids, a crucial step that occurs prior to cannabinoids and their metabolites reaching their target tissues. The microbiome is known to play a central role in mediating or modulating the effects of ingested compounds and is heavily involved in local and systemic effects, including with respect to inflammation. Animal studies can provide useful insight but are limited in their translation to humans partly due to inherent differences between rodent and human gut microbiota. This study will address these limitations by examining the anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of cannabinoids and their metabolites in intestinal cells, after they have been subjected to a simulated human gut digestion model involving microbial biotransformation. In addition, the study will explore the effects of ingested cannabinoids on gut microbial profiles, as well as characterize the cannabinoid and other metabolites produced by the microbiota in response to administration of a cannabinoid-rich oil.