Bioactives generated from in vitro gut microbial metabolism of cannabinoid extract containing oil: effects on the microbiome, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects

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Cannabinoids, particularly cannabidiol (CBD) have garnered considerable interest in terms of their anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential. However, most research to date has been based on in vitro and animal studies. In vitro studies conducted so far have not taken into consideration the role of digestion and the human gut microbiome in the biotransformation of cannabinoids, a crucial step that occurs prior to cannabinoids and their metabolites reaching their target tissues. The microbiome is known to play a central role in mediating or modulating the effects of ingested compounds and is heavily involved in local and systemic effects, including with respect to inflammation. Animal studies can provide useful insight but are limited in their translation to humans partly due to inherent differences between rodent and human gut microbiota. This study will address these limitations by examining the anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of cannabinoids and their metabolites in intestinal cells, after they have been subjected to a simulated human gut digestion model involving microbial biotransformation. In addition, the study will explore the effects of ingested cannabinoids on gut microbial profiles, as well as characterize the cannabinoid and other metabolites produced by the microbiota in response to administration of a cannabinoid-rich oil.